APPENDIX

541 known. Both have prevailed to some extent in the convict camps of our Southern States, but I have failed to find any reference to them — at least in epidemic form — in the recent records of regu- larly organized prisons, either in western Europe or America. Both are common in Russian prisons from St. Petersburg to Kamchatka. Below will be found a statement of the proportion of these diseases to the whole aggregate of sickness in a number of Siberian prisons for a series of years. It is a very incomplete and unsatisfactory statement, for the reason that typhus and scurvy do not appear in the Russian official reports at all unless they constitute more than ten per cent, of the total amount of sickness, and I have been un- able, therefore, to fill out the tables. TYPHUS. Place. 1884. Achinsk per cent Birusinski etape " .... Irbit " Irkutsk " .... Ishim etape " Koliv&n " Krasnoyarsk " Marinsk " 13.1 Perm " Sheragulski etape " Tir6tski etape " Tiumen " 23.2 Tomsk forwarding prison . " ... 1880. 1887. . . 16.6 . 15.2 . . 17.5 . . . 55.2 . . 50 . 77.7 . . 17.5 . . . 35.7 . . 23.4 . . 26.5 . . 19 . . 10.9 . . 56.4 . . 62.6 . 1888. 10.8 43 12 11.8 16.6 12.2 39.1 32.9 23.8 292. Reps, of Chf. Pris. Adm. for years indicated, pp. 222, 221, 316, and SCURVY. Place. Alexandrofsk per cent Balagansk ... " Barnaul " Chita " Ekaterinburg . " Kara [Lower] " Khabar6fka Krasnoyarsk . " Nerchinsk .... " Pavlodar " Verkhni Udinsk " Yakutsk " 1884. 13.2 15 22.8 16.5 23.6 1886. 14.5 10.7 10.5 10.8 25 1887. 20 11.6 1888. 28.4 15.7 15.7 13.7 19.6

— Reps, of Chf. Pris. Adm. for years indicated, pp. 222, 222, 317, and 293.