APPENDIX 527

who recently visited the prison, " it is doubtful whether pigs would eat it." — Balagansk correspondence of newspaper Sibirskaya Gazeta, No. 42, pp. 1119-1120. Tomsk, Oct. 20, 1885. Scurvy constituted 28.4 per cent, of all the sickness in the Balagansk prison in 1888. -Rep. of Chf. Pris. Adm. for 1888, p. 293. THE BARNAUL PRISON. All sorts of disorders and irregularities are reported in the Barnaul prisou, including drunkenness, fraud, embezzlement, counterfeiting [the tools and materials for which were furnished to the prisoners by the police], and murder. — Newspaper Vostochnoe Obozrenie, No. 12, p. 9. St. Petersburg, June 17, 1882. Scurvy constituted 14.5 per cent, of all the sickness in the Barnaul prison in 1886. - Rep. of Chf. Pris. Adm. for 1886, p. 223. THE BIRUSINSKI ETAPE. Typhus fever constituted 15.2 per cent, of all the sickness in the Biru- sinski etape in 1886, 17.5 per cent, in 1887, and 43 per cent, in 1888. — Rep. of Chf. Pris. Adm. for years indicated, pp. 222, 316, and 293. THE CHEREMKHOFSKI PRISON. The condition of the Cheremkhofski prison is described to us by an eye-witness as something terrible. In four small cells [which do not con- tain, all together, more than 1700 cubic feet of air] there are packed thirty prisoners, including five or six women — one of them decrepit — and a baby. 1 The cells are foul and stinking ; the floors, in many places, have rotted and given way ; and the sleeping-platforms are dirty and broken. Fleas and bedbugs are there in myriads, and, to use the expres- sion of one of the prisoners, " they just regularly drink blood. No cloth- ing is furnished, and some of the prisoners have nothing to wear but the shirts in which they were arrested. In short, it is impossible to describe all that one can see. " This is a grave and not a prison," said one young 1 According to Prof. Huxley the air space space regarded as essential for one grown required by one adult human being is 800 person is a little more than the whole cubic feet. The 1700 cubic feet in the amount of air space available in the Cher- Cheremkhofski prison, therefore, would emkh6f ski prison for thirty persons. [See have been adequate for two prisoners only, magazine RAsskaya Misl., p. 61. Moscow.

In private residences in Russia, the air May, 1891.] [Author's note.]