502 SIBERIA

Whatever may be the intentions of the Tsar, the actions of the Govern- ment have nothing in common with the popular welfare, or popular aspi- rations. The Imperial Government subjected the people to serfdom, put the masses into the power of the nobility, and is now openly creating the most injurious class of speculators and jobbers. All of its reforms result merely in a more perfect enslavement and a more complete exploitation of the people. It has brought Russia to such a pass that, at the present time, the masses of the people are in a state of pauperism and ruin ; are subjected to the most humiliating surveillance, even at their own domestic hearths; and are powerless even to regulate their own communal and social affairs. The protection of the law and of the Government is en- joyed only by the extortionist and the exploiter, and the most exaspera- ting robbery goes unpunished. But, on the other hand, what a terrible fate awaits the man who sincerely considers the general good ! You know very well, your Majesty, that it is not only socialists who are exiled and prosecuted. Can it be possible that the Government is the guardian of such "order"? Is it not rather probable that this is the work of a " gang " — the evidence of a complete usurpation ? These are the reasons why the Russian Government exerts no moral influence, and has no support among the people. These are the reasons why Russia brings forth so many revolutionists. These are the reasons why even such a deed as Tsaricide excites in the minds of a majority of the people only gladness and sympathy. Yes, your Majesty ! Do not be deceived by the reports of flatterers and sycophants — Tsaricide, in Russia, is popular. From such a state of affairs there can be only two exits : either a revo- lution, absolutely inevitable and not to be averted by any punishments, or a voluntary turning of the Supreme Power to the people. In the interest of our native land, in the hope of preventing the useless waste of energy, in the hope of averting the terrible miseries that always accom- pany revolution, the Executive Committee approaches your Majesty with the advice to take the second course. Be assured, so soon as the Supreme Power ceases to rule arbitrarily, so soon as it firmly resolves to accede to the demands of the people's conscience and consciousness, you may, with- out fear, discharge the spies that disgrace the administration, send your guards back to their barracks, and burn the scaffolds that are demoraliz- ing the people. The Executive Committee will voluntarily terminate its own existence, and the organizations formed about it will disperse, in order that their members may devote themselves to the work of culture among the people of their native land. We address your Majesty as those who have discarded all prejudices, and who have suppressed the distrust created by the actions of the Gov- ernment throughout a century. We forget that you are the representa -

tive of the authority that has so often deceived and that has so injured