the leaders intended to h'e extended their explorations to Guiana. But the crews refused, and young l)udlcy was obliged to return. Leaving Trini&ul ill 5Iarch, 15, hc tmched at l'uerto ]lico and the Azores, encountering vcv severe weather. In [ay he arrived at St. Ives in Cornwall, having sunk and burnt nine Spanish ship and expended all his powder. ()wing to unjust treatment after the great qucen's death, Sir Robert l)udley abandoned his native country and lived at Florence, where he wrote that superb xxork, ' Dcl Aano del Marc,' and where he died in 1;30.

In 1595 also Amyas Preston harassed the Spaniards in the hVest Indies, with two ships, the .lscesio and the (;iJ. lie sacked the towns of Coro and Santiago de Leon, and obliged Uumana to p;y a ransom. In 15; Sir Anthony Shirley followed in l'rcston's track with nine vessels. ]fc took Santa Marta and Janmica, isitcd Puerto Cabcllo and Truxillo, and returned home by way of New- foundland; and in the same year hVi!liam Parker, iu the l'rmb'm'e, made good prizes in the Uy of Campeachy. These audacious voyage were supplied with a good "lutticr," or book of sailing divctions for the West Indies, translated from the Spanish.

The value of an explorer's training was shown at the taking of Cadiz. Sir Walter Ralegh commanded a division of the fleet, and among those who had been engaged in exploring adventures with him, or at the same time, in the Orinoco and the hVcst Indies, no fewer than four received the honour of knighthood fnan the Earl of Essex at Cadiz for their gallantry. These were Sir Robert Dudley, Sir George Gifford, Sir ]Francis l'opham, anti Sir Amyas Preston.

In the closing years of the brilliant reign of Queen Elizabeth, the first chapter in the history of British India was commenced. The establishment of factories by the Turkey Company in the Levant led the way. In 15S3 Fitch, Ldcs, and Newberry hmnd their way to India overland, and their story drew attention in England to the wonde of the East. ut no English ship had yet nutde the voyage to India, although Drake and Cavondish had rounded the Cape, coming from the East. The first English voyage to India was undertaken hy James Lancaster in 1591. Lancaster was a native of asingstoke, who had been serving in Portugal both as a soldier and a merchant, though he is only known to fame as an adventurous and able sea-captain. The expedition consisted of three tall ships, the l'cm'btc as admiral, conmmndcd by George layntond, the Mcrcbad Rodial, under Abraham Kendall,