The instructions issued by Howard of Erringham and Essex a to the captains of the fleet will be found at length in the previous chapter. Before sailing, the joint generals also published in ,qpanish, French, ItMian, and I)utch a manifesto "to all Christian people," setting forth the causes and objects of the expedition, proclaiming friendship to neutrMs, and hostility to Spain and her allies, and reqttiring M1 who might have aided Philip in the past. to withdraw from him upon pain of being made to suffer for their continued adherence to Elizabeth's enemies.

The fleet sailed from Plymouth on June 1st, 15913. hVith north-easterly breeze, it quickly made Cape Ortegal; and there, being off the enemy's coast, was organised for instant action. do not knov what was its formation; but Monson says that the True Love, the Lion's lVhelp, and the lI-itness,'" the three hest sailers in the command, were dispatched ahead to look out for Spanish scouts or advice-boats, and to prevent any such from rettu'ning with news of the approaching danger. By way of additionM precaution, a cotu'se was taken well out of sight of land. Every captain had been already provided with sealed instructions, to be opened only in case of separation from the fleet, or after rounding Cape St.. Vincent, directing him to malte rendezvous off C.;;diz; and he had been ordered, in the event of his c;q)ttu'e by the enemy appearing imminent, to sink these instructions.

On June 10th, the three advanced ships, two of which were commanded by I{ichard Leveson aud Charles, Lord Mount.joy, respectively, fell in with and took three H;unbtu'g fly-boats, fourteen

It is noteworthy that in all the documents relating to this expedition, Essex is given precedence over Howard, although the latter was Lord High Admiral, and the former was new to naval command. The navy vas not yet recognised as the senior service.

It is probable that these xvere the three vessels belonging to the Lt,rd High Admiral. A Lion's ll7telp was bought from him for the navy in 1601. Pipe Accts. 2239. s Richard Loveson, of Lilieshall, born 1570, served as volunteer in the Ark against the Armada, and was knighted for his service in the Cadiz expedition. He (lied in 1605, Admiral of the Satrow Seas and Vice-Admiral of England. He had married in 15137 5Iargaret, a daughter of Lord Howard of Efiingham. He lies buried at hVolver- hampton.

Second son of the ixth Lord 5Iuntjoy, boom 1563. He had been knighted in 15., and had sncceeded his elder brother in 159. In 1603 he was made Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, and created Earl of Devonshire. He died in 1606. But in some accounts it is said that not Lord M,mntjy, latt Sir Christol,her Blorot was with

]e advanced squmh'on.