to 130 men. The contingent was under the ortlel's of Jonkheer Jan van Duijvenvoorde, Lord of XVarmond and Admiral of Holland; hut the English Lord High Admit;;1 was naval commander-in-chief, anti for the first time a Dutch fleet obeyed an English fiag-ocer. x On hoard the fleet there were, in addition to the Dutch, 7360

VAN DLIIJVENVoORDI AIIM[RAL OF IIII,LAND. ( Ft'oII the etqrarDtg bl . Goltzitts, 1579.) l;mdsmen and I;772 seamen. The troops were under the Lord High Admiral and Essex, as joint generals.

For the first time, also, the Dutch fleet seems to have carrkl a regular national flag to sea. A llesolution of the St:ttes-i;eneral of April 5th, 15l;, dir<ted that the arms of the States, a lion and arrows, should be worn on the colours, which were a tricolout of orange, white and blue. The flag was :tilerwards changed, md ing substitnte, l tbr orge on account of its superior visihility, and the arms being omitted. In Tromp's time, the orange (or red), white an,l blue flag was knonn as the t'rincds flag, since it represented the colotn of the Prince of Orange. a This arrangement lbrcshadows the appointnent under the l'onunonwealth of ' Admirals and Lienorals at Sea,' and, tu some extent, the later practice of giving naval

olticers concurrent commi.;sions in the Marines.