one ship. Another success was, according to Valsingham, won

the same year by Har, Pay, who, with some vessels of the Cinque Ports, took a hundred and twenty craft laden with salt, iron, and wine, as they lay at anchor "in mari ritannico." But details of both events are lacking?

In March, 1408, the memhants represented to the Council that the sea was vc' inccicntly guarded, and were informed that the admiral was about to put to sea to protect the trade. Whether he made any cruise before September does not ppear; hut in that nonth the Earl of Kent proceeded to the coast of Brittany, and attacked the Castle of Brhat, before which place he fell mortMly wounded by an arrow in the head on the 15th? He was thus the first, but not the last, of the lord high admirals to die for his country. His successor, appointed on September 91st, was Sir Thomas Beaufort, s who, later, during his tenure of the oce, was also Lord Chancellor--surely a strange collocation of functions --and who subsequently became Earl of Dorset and uke of Exeter, and, reappointed in 1413, renained high adlniral until his death in 1426.

In October, 1408, it was agreed with the Duke of Burgundy that there should be a three years' truce on the sea between St. Valery tnd Winchelsea? This was chiefly for the benefit of the fishing populations on both sides of the Channel, and of pilgrims and ecclesiastics travelling between England and I4ome; but it also improved the position of the memhants. Another truce, to last until May 1st, 1410, was arranged with France, to apply to the sea generally, the French coast from the Somme to Gravelines, West Flanders, Aquitaine, and the county of Toulouse. s The two truces were eventually prolonged. Although they did not put a complete stop to informal hostilities, they materially lessened the number of conflicts between English and French subjects. A truce with Spain was also concluded2 In the framing of these truces, provision was made for internafonal action against pirates.

M,,nstrelct, xxviii. 45. Probably off Brittany, but the British seas may be meant.

t WMsingham, 41S. 'Parl. Rolls, iii. Ot.

' Walsingham, 420; Chron. of L, md. 91; /ltterb-urne, 264.

'; See n,,te, ate, I'- 3g0. This appointment was as admiral for life of the North l"leet. A new patent as s,,le admiral was issued t,, him -n July 27th, 140.

'F,,.,lem,' iii. 537-550. s lb., iii. 552. "lb., viii. 625.