Iceland ; the dubious outline of "Frisland"; the removal of

"rislanda" from the Orkneys to the south of Iceland; the placing of St. Thomas's monastery in t situation to the extreme north-east of (;reenland, t position which does not suit the narrative and which can certainly have never heen reached hy the ships of 141; and some other inaccuracies. The date 1.'480 on tile map, ts in the text, is also supposed to have been a mistake of his or of some copyis for 1390, and such an error is quite possible. The best points about tile map are its comparative accurac.y in depicting the coast of (h'eenland, though if the Zeno outline be compared with a map of 14;7 t certain resemblance will be detected. The outline of Iceland is moderately tccurate to the west on the Zeno map. but here again a comparison with the Olaus "Magnus" map of 15:49,:' which was prepared, though not printed, at least ten years before the Zeno map was known, will show a slight correspoudence. Nicolo Zeno the younger may have seen copies of this lnap before it was printed. The names given in the Shetland archipelago--supposing Estland to be Shetland--are ahead of Italian knowledge in 1.55, when Zeno's map was published. "Podalida" was perhaps perversion of Pomona in the Orkneys.

Against the ntn'rative, in its present form at any rate, much can he urged. At the very best we must suppose Nicolo Zeno the younger guilty of altering and interpolating. His story of the torn documents, musty with age, is t very common pretext of the fahle-monger. The original documents, which wouhl COlnpel belief, have never been produced or discovered. His work was not published till 155 by Francesco 51arcolini, and this was more than t century and a half after the death of the voyagers. In a damp climate such as that of Venice, there would be no small probability of neglected and carelessly treated documents becoming quite illegible after such hmg neglect. It has been noted hy every critic that the text and tile map disagree almost hopelessly, which looks ts though, iu oue or other, there had been much interference with the original. At the date when the work was published Venice was extremely eager to claim for herself some share in the credit of Colmnbus's discoveries as against her old rival (enoa, from whom Columbus had sprnng.

Owing to �Old'Usion between "IMande" (Shetland) and "Island" (lcelan,I). Facsimile Alas,' l,l. xxx. See also Winso,', ' America,' i. 121.

Winsor, ' America,' i. 123. The map is ,'el,roduced. ,%.e also ' Facsimile Atlas.' p. 5:. The real, dated 1572, Roma, is vi,'tually the same a, lhe ohl Ilaus ma 1, ,'t.p,'oduce I in Brenner, ., ' Ka,'te des Olaus Magnus' (! qristiania, I