orseman it was fairly common undertaking; and if ships sailed

from ngland and cothmd to Iceland, there is no reson why they lmuld no have pushed little fa. rther and mde Greenbrad. of the deailswhich look s if they had come from hearsylone cause suspicion? Ve should, too, hve expected o mee wifi some mention of inclair's Greenland colony in either Scoch or Orcadian history. Some doub apparenfiy hangs over his death, as the writer has not been ble o discover whefier he died in any portion of his Scoch domabra o where he Js buried. All we re told of his end th he "is supposed o hve died about 14." I is, then, just possible tha he neve returned h'om his Greenland expeditiou presuming that he really made it.

The strongest evidence for the "foundation on fact" of the narrative was, till recently, the Zeno map, though here, as usual, it was necessa W to suppose much carelessness and interpolation on the part of Zeno the younger. NordenskjSld considered in la83 tlutt the topography of the chart was on the whole much in advtmce of the knowledge of the time when it appeared, and accepted the general truth of the narr;tive. a The mistakes ascribed to Zeno the younger are the misplacing of nmnerous islands which shouhl he in the Shetlands, and which in the chart appear on the east coast of

E.y., the volcanic stories, which woul,l or,me natre'ally enough from a romancing h'elander, or fi'om a Venetian who had visitl Iceland.

Nordenskjl;ld, 'Congrs des Am6ricanistes' (18:�), p. 121 fi, is thus sumnmristl: The map in the 155fi edition of the Zeni is hased upon an ohl chart of northern origin, anterior in date to 1482, and prol,ably brought back from his voyages l,y Antonio f this map no fidthrift copy is kloq h but them are two examples with more or less alteration--the map of Zeno the y,,unger, printl 155S, and of Nicolas Donis, printed 1482 (in 'Facsimile Atlas,' text p. ;1, a lduct representation), which has not many of the arbitrary modifications of the younger Nicoo, but, on the other hand, p]:u.es ;reenland far too much o time north. The conunon origin of the two maps is pnwed hy the i,[entity of a great nmnber of names. Zcno's chart has, then, "an immense inq,ortance," equal almost to Andrea Blanco's map of the Meditemmcan. It is evidently the fi'uit of many years of experience, which has been acquired by active navigation the coasts delineated. It must have taken place mxtcrior to the Coumbian age, as thou Ibr :z tilne knowledge of Greenland w lost. He concludes that there was t]leli less it'c to the west of Genland; that voyages were olen nmde to Greenland; and thai those w?ages occasionally extendl southwal to Cana,la, etc. N,,rdenskjbld's ol,ihion nmst carly weight; hut Winsor (' America,' i. 127) is unfavoumblc to the map, and Irminger

t,,tally ,lenig that Zeno had ever been in {Ironland. The old {lans Magnus nmp, which Zahrtmann conjectured to have existed, has, since MajoFs and NoalcnskjS]d's -pinion xvas given, tul up. It is evident that Zeno the younger copied much frolu this map, and thus the only ailing algumcnt fiw his veqcity has pass away. I have this fiwt fim Mr. C. mi. L'oote, of the Map lkTartment, British [useuln, who disbelieves in the Zeno story: I must take this Oplwtunity of thanking ]dm for nmch kind assistance.