mistake of Nicolo Zeno, the younger, who found the original map

much damaged, and perhaps ru together the outlint, s of the archipelago. This eXlfianttion, however, is not altogether satis- factoLv. It is also suggested that the size of "Frishmd" was exgg'ented because it had to receive a great number of nantes, and 1)ectmse it was a comfortable habit of early cartographers to tdjust arcts on their maps to this requirement. The name of" Frislanda," in appro_mtttely the same position as it occupies on the Zeno chart, occurs as "Fixlanda" iu a sea chart of the fifteenth centuLv at Mihm, and as "Frixlanda" in a Catfian chart of the alne date. ('olumbus mentions an islaud south of Iceland knowu as "Frisland;[." The Zeno chart affected the cartogrttphy of the northern seas till the hegimfiug of the seventeenth ceutury, wheu at last "Frislanda" begtin to wmish t'rom the map2 It is to be noted that this chart does not mark the F[rSes, which slightly confirms the identificatiou of "Frislanda" with them.

Of the other names. "Icaria" is identified with Ker W in Ireland aud not with any part of America. If the ecords of the voyage are rue the distauce sailed would have brought "Zichmlfi" with his fleet to the west coast of Ireland; and the "pursuit -long the hilltops, aud the howling of the stnmgers off the coast, are Irish all over," says Mr. Major, who falls back upon his usual explanation of the statement in the text, that "Icaria" derived its name from Icrus, son of ])aedahts, King of Scotland, as being "an inteq)ohtion of Nieolo Zeno the younger." There was probMdy a certain amount of intercourse between the Norsemen of the Scotch Isles and 'orway, and the Norsemen of Ireland; and that "Zichnmi" should have sailed or beeu driven to Ker W is not unlikely. though there are difficulties. "Zichmni" is described as sailing in se;rrch of "Estotilaud," which lies a thousand miles to the west of "Fris- land." Kerry lies not to the west of the Far6es but almost due south, and six hundred miles distant. There is no notice in the narnrtive ,f so extraordinary a divergence from the course which would naturally be steered. "We were driven we knew not where for eig'ht days," are the words, which suggest. indeed, a divergence. but hardly voyage in totally difiZlent direction. And the Zeni

dr maps c,,llecte, l in N,,rdenskjShl's ' Facsimile Atlas.' Zeni,' xvix.

'The l,-sition ,f" I.aria" on the chart is also against Kerry, unless thi i.. me of he yomger Zen,,' "interpolations."