Madoc lauded in Newfoundlaud, in Virgiuia, iu Florida, iu Mexico,

or in the Azores, all of which have at various times been suggested or his landfall. The Welsh-speaking Iudians are as historical as he Hebrew, Scotch, and Gaelic-speakiug tribes which have various dates beeu discovered in America by various cuthusiasts. t

Betwn the close of the twelfth ceuttu)' aud the middle of the ourteenth, English shipping made great advances, iu spite of the pirates who lntunted the Narrow Seas. Lundy, at the close of the twelfth century, was oue of their strongholds, aud more thau one expedition was sent against them by the English kings. Coutiuual embargoes on shippiug must, however, have interfered ',zatly with

he deveh)pment of trade. vessels were wautd for the fleet, and as there was no great differeucc between a ship of war aud a merchant- mau in these times, the vessels of traders were stopped aud armed. The Crusades carried English seameu iuto the Mediterranean ;a the fisheries took them north to Scotlaud and the coast of Norway. The treat.;- of friendship aud reciprocity betwecu Eugland and Norway in 1217 shows that there was intercourse betwn the two, in spite of the tenqble pirates, amongst whom the men of the Ciuqne Ports were uot the least. formidable. The merchauts and subjects of each power were to pss to and fro without let or hindrance. This treaty was reuewed iu 1269. Yarmouth at or about this imc was a fiourishiug port with a large herriug fishery, and Lynn was also a very prosperous place. Cout. cmporary civic seals how the merchaut vessel of that time to have bceu a ship of some size, carrying one mast aud a square sail furled aloft, with a loug boat ou deck amidships. There are elevated stages at the bow aud tern.

Scots voyages must have been stopped for a time by au absurd

Hardy, T. D., i. 121. 122) an order of John to [ Lucy, ,litcoting hilu t, send eighteen ealleys lbr the lmrpose of destroying Llewellyn's shil% galleys, and boats (,ares, l,t, 11,,s). See p. Madoc, 141. I:,,t. de !'rmstit., 171.

The ibllowing "voyages" t. the Holy Land--some on land--are recorded 1,y Ilakluyt in this 1,eriod:--Jdm l,acy, 1172: William Mandeville, 1177; Richard's rusa, le (.e p. 165, etc.). 11: Baldwin Devonius, I tD0: llichard 'antmicus, 12o0 Ilol,ert k'mon [went to Damietta], 121S: Ranull,h of 'hester and others, 121S; l'cter, I;ishop of XVin(.hester, 12::1; Richard of k'ornwall an,l others, 124; William L,,ngesla. e , 124S: E,lwar, I, son of E, Iward II1., 127f; Anthony Beck, 1:. !n the carly I;mrtcenth celltury there were als expeditions t, 'l'nlis and Barbary.