414 PHILOPCEMEN AND FLAMTNIXUS.

prodigiilled away his own life, through passion and per- verseness ; for he fell upon the Messenians, not with that conduct and caution that characterized the movements of Titus, but with unnecessary and unreasonable haste. The many battles he fought, and the many trophies he won, may make us ascribe to Philopoemen the more thor- ough knowledge of war. Titus decided the matter be- twixt Philip and himself in two engagements ; but Philo- poemen came off victorious in ten thousand encounters, to all which fortime had scarcely any pretence, so much were they owing to his skill. Besides, Titus got his re- nown, assisted by the power of a flourishing Rome ; the other flourished under a declined Greece, so that his suc- cesses ma}' be accounted his own ; in Titus's glory Rome claims a share. The one had brave men under him, the other made his brave, by being over them. And though Philopoemen was unfortunate certainly, in always being opposed to his countrymen, yet this misfortune is at the same time a proof of his merit. Where the circumstances are the same, superior success can only be ascribed to superior merit. And he had, indeed, to do with the two most warlike nations of all Greece, the Cretans on the one hand, and the Lacedtemonians on the other, and he mastered the craftiest of them by art and the bravest of them by valor. It may also be said that Titus, ha^^ng his men armed and disciplined to his hand, had in a man- ner his victories made for him ; whereas Philopoemen was forced to introduce a discipline and tactics of his own, and to new-mould and model his soldiers 3 so that what is of greatest import towards insuring a victory was in his case his own creation, while the other had it ready provided for his benefit. Philopoemen effected many gallant things with his own hand, but Titus none ; 80 much so that one Archedemus, an ^tolian, made it a jest against him that while he, the ^Etohan, was running