240 THEMISTOCLES.

tory, were any way terrible to men that knew how to fight, and were resolved to come hand to hand with their enemies ; these things they were to despise, and to come up close and grapple with their foes. This, Pindar ap- pears to have seen, and says justly enough of the fight at Artemisium, that There the sons of Athens set The stone that freedom stands on yet. For the first step towards victory undoubtedly is to gain courage. Artemisium is in Eubcea, beyond the city of Histisea, a sea-beach open to the north ; most nearly op- posite to it stands Olizon, in the country which formerly was under Philoctetes; there is a small temple there, dedicated to Diana, surnamed of the Dawn, and trees about it, around which again stand pillars of white mar- ble ; and if you rub them with your hand, they send forth both the smell and color of saffron. On one of the pil- lars these verses are engraved, — With numerous tribes from Asia's regions brought The sons of Athens on these waters fought ; Erecting, after the}' had quelled the Mede, To Artemis this record of the deed. There is a place still to be seen upon this shore, where, in the middle of a great heap of sand, they take out from the bottom a dark powder like ashes, or something that has passed the fire ; and here, it is supposed, the ship- wrecks and bodies of the dead were burnt. But when news came from Thermopylae to Artemisium, informing them that king Leonidas was slain, and that Xerxes had made himself master of all the passages by land, they returned back to the interior of Greece, the

Athenians having the command of the rear, the place of