154 NDMA.

their name for older, and jwriorea for younger men. To the other months they gave denominations according to their order ; so the fifth was called Quintilis, Sextilis the sixth, and the rest, September, October, November, and Decem- ber. Afterwards Quintilis received the name of Julius, from Caesar who defeated Pompey ; as also Sextilis that of Augustus, from the second Caesar, who had that title. Domitian. also, in imitation, gave the two other following months his own names, of Germanicus and Domitianus ; but, on his being slain, the}" recovered their ancient denominations of September and October. The two last are the only ones that have kept their names throughout without any alteration. Of the months which were added or transposed in their order by Nunia, Februarj- comes from februa ; and is as much as Purifica- tion month ; in it they make offerings to the dead, and cele- brate the Luperealia, which, in most points, resembles a purification. January was so called from Janus, and pre- cedence given to it by Numa before March, which was dedicated to the god Mars ; because, as I conceive, he wished to take every opportunitj 7 of intimating that the arts and studies of peace are to be preferred before those of war. For this Janus, whether in remote anticpuity he were a demi-god or a king, was certainly a great lover of civil and social unity, and one who reclaimed men from brutal and savage living; for which reason they figure him with two faces, to represent the two states and conditions out of the one of which he brought mankind, to lead them into the other. His temple at Rome has two gates, which they call the gates of war. because they stand open in the time of war, and shut in the times of peace ; of which latter there was very seldom an example, for, as the Roman empire was enlarged and extended, it was so encompassed with barbarous nations

and enemies to be resisted, that it was seldom or never at