LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS xix

F1Q. 56. Cranium from Fiirst Johanns Hole. (After Szombathy, C.A.P., 1900, P- 133) 1 7S 57. Section of the Rock-shelter of Krapina. (After G. Kramberger) . . 176 58. Relics found at Krapina. (Mitt, der Anth. GeseL in Wien, 1901-1905) . 177 59. Two Views of the Heidelberg Mandibles. (After Schoetensack) . .179 60. Side and Front Views of Gibraltar Skull. (After Sollas) . .. .180 61. Section of the Bone Strata at Trinil ...... 185 62. Skull of Pithecanthropus erectus. (After Dubois) . . . .187 63 Femur of Pithecanthropus erectus . . . . . .188 64. Profile Outlines of Various Skulls (Pithecanthropus erectus. Eine Men- schensliche Ubergangsform aus Java von Eug. Dubois Batavia, 1894) . 189 65. Sculptured Head of a Horse from Saint-Michel d'Arudy. (After Piette) 212 66 & 67. Two Batons de Commandement. (After Cartailhac and Breuil, DAnth. 1907) ........ 213 68. Skeleton of a Mammoth found in Siberia in 1799 .214 69. Incised Figure of Mammoth in the Cave of Combarelles. (After Capitan and Breuil) . . . ... . . . . 215 70. Reindeer incised on Plaque of Schist, known as " Comba de Rennes. (UAnth, 1607) 215 71. Bovidae incised on Stones from the Rock-shelter of Bruniquel . . 216 72 & 73. Horses on Wall of Grotte de la Mouthe. (After Riviere, Bull, de La Societe d'Anth., 1897,1899,1901) . . . . 220-221 74. Animals on Wall of Combarelles . . . . .222 75 Engraving of a Horse with supposed Cover (Combarelles) . . . 222 76. Reindeer (Combarelles) ....... 223 77. Wild Goat ......... 224 (The last four figures are after Capitan and Brueil, R.E.A., 1902.) 78. Plan of the Cavern of Altamira. (After M. Harle) . . . .226 79. Tectiform and Scutiform Figures on the Wall of Altamira. (After Car- tailhac and Breuil, L Anthropologie, tomes xv.-xvi.) . . . 228 80. Bison, Altamira. (Ibid.} ....... 228 81. Horse from Grotte de Niaux. (After C. and B., LAnth., 1908) . .231 82. Pictographic Inscriptions. (Ibid.) ...... 232 83. Large Bison. (Ibid.) .... .232 84. Red Tectiform Signs. (Ibid.) ...... 233 85. Bison drawn in Hardened Mud (see pi. xxv., B). (Ibid.) . . .233 86. Sketches of the Human Form, (i) Three Faces (Cave of Marsoulas), DAnth, 1905 ; (2) Ape-like Forms (Altamira), ibid. ; (3) Figure of Man with Disproportionate Arm, Les Stations de PAge du Renne^ pi. xiv. . 238 87. Fragment of Bone, showing Woman and Reindeer, from Laugerie Basse. (Col. Piette) ........ 239 88-93. Bone Implements from Mas-d'Azil. (After Piette, L'Anth., vols. vi. andvii.) 2 5