r )C4 THE IMMIGRATION OF 1846.

Calapooya Mountains, or to avert their sufferings from the cold rains and colder snows of November and December.

market miffht be found for such articles. From the journal of Thomas Holt, who with a French Canadian and five half-breeds went to the assistance of the belated immigrants, it appears that on learning from Thornton and others who arrived in the settlements the condition of those still m the Umpqua Valley, he left the French settlement on the 3d of December with a band of horses and all the provisions he could gather, lather Bokluc of the mission of St Paul freely contributing a portion to be given to the needy On the 5th he met Mr Goff coming in with a company who had brought their wagons through, and particularly in charge of a Mrs Newton, whose husband had been murdered by the Umpqua Indians while sleeping at the door of his tent. Mintos Early Day,, MS., 39. On the 8th he overtook Moses Harris and three others with horses and provisions, going to the rehe of the immigrants. On this day they met three families on horseback and one ^wagXcoming in, whom tliy supplied with flour. On the 9th they met eight wagons and families, and supplied them with provisions. On the 1 Oth they came to a camp of several families whose teams were exhausted, and on the same day another relief party came up with horses. Next day the French- men and three half-breeds turned back, being afraid if they crossed the Calapooya Mountains they would not be able to return that winter while Holt and the other two continued. Near the head of the Willamette Valley the v found five families unable to go farther, who were assisted to resume S tourney by three men from Mother relief parties. At the foot of the mountains were three families without food, whose oxen could travel no fortheT ' It is hard for me to pass them,' says toe Journal, 'but when I know there are helpless families among hostile Indians, I am bound to go and assist them ' They received some flour and were left to the mercy of others who might follow with horses. On the summit of the Calapooyas a single family was met on horses, and many dead cattle by the way. At the foot of the mountains on the south side were two families with their wagons but ; doubt- ing if their oxen would be able to cross. They were furnished with flour. On the 14th, having come to the north folk of Elk River, five families were found who lad neither flour, meat, nor salt, and who were depending upon game, ' which was scarce. One of the half-breeds killed a deer for them, and ^received some flour. [These families were those of Ezekial Kennedy Croizen R B. Hall, Lovelin, and another.] On the loth, crossing the forks of Elk River by swimming their horses, and ferrying the packs on raits ot lo K f they came to the camp of the families of James Campbell, Rice Dunbar and Rev J A. Cornwall. Mr Campbell, having been to the settlements and returned in company with Harris and his party, brought ^ft "^ family and some of his goods back with him. Harris and a Mr Jenkins remained with these persons to assist them; but there were not enough horses E take Cornwall's family out, and he was left in charge of a considerable prop- erty belonging to Campbell. On the 17th Holt met the last company of five familes on the south folk of the Umpqua. « They rejoiced very much when thev saw us ' says the Journal. There had been no flour among them for eight weeks WhiJbusy making pack-saddles, four of the precious horses were Ttoien by Indians. The families relieved at this last point were those of Crump, Buttertield, James Townsend, David Townsend J. Baker, and to Butterneld widow. Those who rescued them were Holt, Owens, Du.kins and Patti'i-the last three being a part of the company which overtook Holt on the lOth-and the two half-breeds, Baptiste Gardapie and Q. Delorc The 20th all started once more for the Willamette, the natives refusing to grant the use of a canoe to cross the families over the north fork of the Ump- qua which was too high to be forded, except they were paid with a gun be