CHAPTER XX.

OPENING OF THE SOUTHERN OREGON ROUTE— IMMIGRATION

OF 1843.

Road-making as a War Measure — A Pass Required— A Company Or- ganized—They Proceed to Rogue River — Whence They Continue Eastward and Cross the Cascade Range into the Humboldt Val- ley — They Proceed to Fort Hall — Hastings and his Cut-off — Immi- gration of 1S4G — Applegate's Cut-off— J. Q. Thornton, his Book and his vlndictiveness — sufferings of the emigrants by the new Route — Comments of the Settlers on the Southern Route — Bio- graphical Notices.

The disasters attending the immigrations of 1843, 1844, and 1845 stimulated exploration, as we have seen. The United States government was not indif- ferent to the need cf a better route to Oregon, as the attempts for the third time of one of its officers attest, even if he was always floating away toward California. There were other reasons, besides the sufferings of the immigrants, which influenced both the government and the colonists to desire a route into the Willamette Valley which led away from the chain of the fur company's posts. As the British officers Park and Peel had been anxious to know whether troops could be brought from Canada over- land to Fort Vancouver, so thoughtful men among the colonists were desirous to make sure, in the event of their being needed, that troops from the United States could be brought without interruption into Oregon, 1 knowing that in case of war nothing would be easier than for a small force of the enemy to pi

1 ' One of the road-hunters,' in Or. Spectator, April 15, 1847; Lindsey Ap- plegate, in Portland West Shore, June 1877; TutltiU's Hist. Cal, V&l.

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