" First. We need a guaranty from government that the possession of the land we take up, and the im- provements we make upon it, will be secured to us. These settlements will greatly increase the value of the government domain in that country, should the Indian title ever be extinguished. And we cannot but expect, therefore, that those who have been pioneers in this arduous work will be liberally dealt with in this matter.

" Secondly. We need the authority and protection of the government and laws of the United States, to regulate the intercourse of the settlers with each other, to protect them against the peculations and aggres- sions of the Indians, and to protect the Indians against the aggressions of the white settlers.

" To secure these objects, it is not supposed that much of a military force will be necessary. If a suit- able person should be sent out as a civil magistrate and governor of the territory, the settlers would sus- tain his authority. In proof of this, it is only necessary to say that almost all the settlers in the Willamette Valley have signed a memorial to congress, praying that body to extend the United States government over the territory. . . . You are aware, sir, that there is no law in that country to protect or control Ameri- can citizens. And to whom shall we look, to whom can we look, for the establishment of wholesome laws to regulate our infant but rising settlements, but to the congress of our own beloved country ? The coun- try will be settled, and that speedily, from some quarter, and it depends very much upon the speedy action of congress what that population shall be, and what shall be the fate of the Indian tribes in that territory. It may be thought that Oregon is of little importance ; but, rely upon it, there is the germ of a great state. We are resolved to do what we can to benefit the country ; but we are constrained to throw ourselves upon you for protection." 22

22 25th Cong., 3d Sess., H. Rept. 101, 3, 4.