At Fort Hall one pair of wheels was taken off and the wagon reduced to a cart. 2 ° Not wishing to be detained by the possible accidents and hindrances of road-making, McLeod advised Whitman to abandon his idea of getting the cart through to the Columbia, time and provisions being of the greatest value from this point westward. But the doctor insisted on driv- ing his carriage to Fort Boise, keeping up with the pack-train all the way, the worst obstacles to be overcome being sand and sage-brush. At the crossing of Snake River he was in danger of losing his life, the current being too strong for the horses; but by the coolness and dexterity of Thomas McKay, the threatened disaster was averted. Mrs Whitman and Mrs Spalding were ferried over on bulrush rafts, the goods being carried on the backs of the largest horses.

At Fort Boise, the horses were so worn out that he was forced to relinquish his idea, and the cart was left at this post, where three years later another American traveller found it, and was told that a route had recently been discovered by which wagons could easily pass to the Columbia.

Gray, Parker found it prudent to send no instructions to Whitman at Green River, but only a short note, all of which Wyeth explained as dictated by caution, knowing the efforts of the Hudson's Bay Company to destroy Amer- ican influence in the country. As Parker had not then reached his destina- tion, there could not have been much to say. In the following spring, when he turned back from the Nez Perce" country, leaving the Indians to proceed without him to the rendezvous, he mentions writing several letters to be for- warded to the United States from Green River, but does not mention writing to Whitman especiallv. His final directions and advice may have awaited W hitman at Fort Walla Walla, or even at Fort Vancouver, where he undoubt- edly expected Whitman to consult with McLoughlin; and from the fact that missions were established at the identical places chosen by him, this theory would seem to be established. Parker calls the principal chief of the Nez Perces Taiquinwatish; Gray calls him Takkenmitas. Parker does not name the second chief of the Nez Percys; Gray calls him Ishliolhollioatshoats, or more frequently 'Lawyer,' a sobriquet applied to him by the mountain men on account of his argumentative powers and general shrewdness, by which he obtained great influence both with his people and with white men. He was son of the chief who took charge of the horses of Lewis and Clarke while those explorers visited the lower Columbia, and was about thirty -six years of age. Both Gray and Parker praise the kindness of these chiefs, and Law- yer became a great favorite with the missionaries, with what reason we shall see hereafter.

20 This cart is historical as the first wheeled vehicle to pass beyond Fort