COLONIAL PRESIDENTS AND GOVERNORS

35

fering in his behalf, Smith was released. Smith continued his explorations and in the summer of 1608 made a full discovery of Chesapeake Bay, and its tributary rivers. On September 10. 1608, he assumed the presi- dency, and among the first things he did was to enlarge the area of the fort by the addition of about three acres, changing the plan from a triangle to a pentagon. After the "Second Supply" of men and provisions arrived, in October. 1608, there occurred two months later the first marriage of English people in America, tliat of John Laydon and Ann Bur- ras. Smith started an extensive system of improvements at Jamestown, in which he kept the men engaged for several months, but a remarkable disclosure of carelessness on his part rendered the work of little value. It was suddenly discovered that the corn in the store- house on which the colonists depended was nearly all consumed by rats and the remainder was unfit to eat. To save the colonists from starvation he had to break them up in small parties, and station them at dift'erent points, sending some to live with the Indians and others to the oyster banks down the river. While the colony was in this desperate con- dition, the "Third Supply" arrived, bringing news of a new charter and the appointment of Sir Thomas Gates as governor. As Sir Thomas' ship, the Sea Venture, had been wrecked and given up for lost, the crowd of settlers who landed had no recognized leader and Smith declined to surrender his authority.- Violent quarrels took place. Smith was arrested, and in October, 1609, he returned to England. Smith, in contrasting the results of his administration with the "starving time," which followed, claims credit rather unjustly for what the new arrivals accomplished. In reviewing his connection with \'irgima, the

evidence is reached that while he was a strong and masterful spirit, he was contentious, boast- ful and illiberal in his treatment of others. So long as he stayed, the colony was rent by factions of which he was certainly an active promoter.

Smith was in England from 1609 to 1614. when he was taken into the employment of the North \'irginia Com])any, created admiral of New England, and sent on several voyages thither. He remained in this service two years, after which till his death, June 21, 1631, he lived in England devoting himself to writing. During his stay in \irginia he had sent home in 1608 a report which was soon after pub- lished as "A Trewe Relation." In 1612 he published his "Map of Virginia," in 1616 his "Description of New England," in 1620 "New England's Trials," and in 1624 the "General Historic of Virginia. New England and the Summer Islands," and in 1630 "The True Travels." 'iliese works have all the same general style, suggestive of the character of Smith, being involved, hasty, inaccurate and illiberal, but sincere, open and fearless. While his narratives must not be taken without quali- fications, and not much weight is to be attached to his opinions of others, there is no real reason to reject his authority on the main issues.

Percy, George, fifth president of the coun- cil, was the eighth son of Henry, eighth Earl of Northumberland, by his wife Catherine, eldest daughter and co-heir of John Neville, Lord Latimer, was born September 4, 1580. served for a time in the Low countries, and sailed for Virginia in the first expedition. December, 1606. Here he was very useful in obtaining corn from the Indians and assisting in the explorations. \\^hen the settlers, who

came over under the second charter. aj)peared