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14
The San Tzŭ Ching
24.

what will he be when old?
Lao3

ho2

wei2

Old

what

be

Lao was originally composed of 人 jen man, 毛 mao hair, and an obsolete character meaning to change; q.d. the hair turning white, seventy years of age. See lines 41, 174.

Ho is composed of 人 jen man as radical, with 可 k'o possibility, can, as phonetic. It is a common interrogative particle.

Wei is composed of 爪 chao claws as radical, over the alleged picture of a female monkey, which is said to be fond of scratching. It came to mean to be, to do. Read wei4, it means on behalf, in place of; hence to pawn.

25.

If jade is not polished,
4

pu1

cho2

Jade

not

polish

was originally composed of three equidistant horizontal lines joined by a vertical stroke. It is now written with a dot, which is omitted in composition, to distinguish it from 王 wang (line 190). It is the gem par excellence of China, a species of nephrite or jade, and is held to possess five virtues. It is used for all kinds of ornaments, and is also put into the mouths of corpses to preserve them from decay.

Pu see line 5.

Cho is composed of 玉 jade as radical, and a phonetic which is 豕 shih pig (line 78) with its feet tied together. It means to prepare jade.

26.

it cannot become a thing of use.
Pu1

ch'êng2

ch'i4

Not

become

utensil

Pu see line 5.

Ch'êng is composed of 戊 mou or wu flourishing, and what under

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