pickled fish as phonetic, and meant stupid talk, dull, obtuse. It was the name of the State in which Confucius was born, and so came to be used in the exactly opposite sense of intellectual cultivation. It is not however in that sense, as Eitel and Zottoli wrongly suppose ("kept reading the Lu State's Discourses" and "studebat regni Lou sententiis"), that the word is here applied to Lun. By it is meant that particular copy of the Lun Yü (line 115) which was recovered under the Han dynasty from the Lu State and became finally the standard text, as distinguished from the 齊 Ch'i copy, recovered from the State of that name.

Lun see line 115. Here elliptical.

273.	彼	既	仕	${\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}}$	He, when already an official,
	Pi3	chi4	shih4
	He	already	official

Pi is composed of 彳 a step with the left foot (line 67) as radical, and 皮 p'i skin as phonetic. It means that, objective, as opposed to 此 tz'ǔ this, subjective.

Chi see line 159.

Shih is composed of 人 jen man as radical, and 士 shih (which originally meant affairs, because all affairs begin with 一 i one and end with 十 shih ten) soldier, scholar, as phonetic. It is used in the sense of to hold office.

274.	學	且	勤	${\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}}$	studied, and moreover with diligence.
	Hsüeh2	ch'ieh3	ch'in1
	Learn	moreover	diligent

Hsüeh see line 11.

Ch'ieh is composed of 几 chi a stool standing upon 一 i one, which here does duty for the ground, with two horizontal lines. It originally meant to set forth as a sacrifice.

Ch'in see line 270.