His brother, Colonel Robert Lilburne, was among those who

signed the death-warrant of Charles I. In 1656 he was M.P. for the East Riding of Yorkshire, and at the restoration was sentenced to lifelong imprisonment.

See D. Masson, L1;fe of Milton (iv. 120); Clement Walker (History of Independency, ii. 247)§ W. Godwin (Commonwealth, iii. 163-177), and Robert Bisset (Omitted Chapters of the History of England, 191-251).

LILIACEAE, in botany, a natural order of Monocotyledons belonging to the series Liliiflorae, and generally regarded as representing the typical order of Monocotyledons. The plants are generally perennial herbs growing from a bulb or rhizome, sometimes shrubby as in butcher's broom (Ruscus) or tree-like as in species of Dracaena, Yucca or Aloe. The flowers are with few exceptions hermaphrodite, and regular with parts in threes shortened monochasial cymes (fig. 5), the perianth I which is generally peta}q:

,5 / . loid occupying the two

°= l iw outer whorls, followed iff by two whorls of Q stamens, with a superior V f ovary of three carpels in the centre of the f ' flower; the ovary is

~ generally three-cham-FIG.

2.—Same bered and contains an FIG. I.-~Fruit or Capsule of Meadow Saffron (Colchlcum aulumnale) dehiscing along the septa. cut across showing the three chambers with the seeds attached along the middle linefaxile placentation. indefinite number of anatropous ovules on axile placentas (see fig. 2). The fruit is a capsule splitting along generally white flowers, are widely spread in the tropics. Other genera are Funkia, native of China and japan, cultivated in the open air in Britain; Hemerocallis, a small genus of central Euro e and temperate Asia-H. jlava is known in gardens as the day lrily; Phormium, a New Zealand genus to which belongs New Zealand flax, P. tenax, a useful fibre-plant; Knlphojia, South and East Africa, several species of which are cultivated; and Aloe. A small group of Australian genera closely qpproach the order luncaceae in having small crowded flowers with a scarious or membranous perianth; they include Xanlhorrhoea (grass-tree or blackboy) and Kingia, arborescent plants with an erect woody stem crowned with a tuft of long stiff narrow leaves, from the centre of which rises a tall dense flower spike or a number of stalked flower-heads; this group has ' = been included in juncaceae, from which it is doubtfully distin- guished only by the absence of the long twisted stigmas which < characterize the true rushes. Allioideae.-The plants grow from a bulb or short rhizome;, the inflorescence is an apparent umbel formed of several ° b, b st and subtended by a pair of large f * bracts. It contains 22 genera, Q 5, the largest of which Allium has f r about 250 SpCCi€S*7 are British; ' * A gapanlhus or African lily is a r r .well-known garden plant; in ' '-Gagea, a genus of small bulbous . N herbs found in most parts of Europe, the inflorescence is reduced to a few flowers or a ” single flower; G. lutea is a local and rare British plant. /l the septa (septicidal) (fig. 1), or between them (loculicidal), or a berry (fig. 6, 3); the seeds contain a small embryo in a copious fleshy or cartilaginous endosperm. Liliaceae is one of the larger orders of flowering plants containing about 2500 species in zoo genera; it is of world-wide distribution. The plants show great diversity in vegetative structure, which together with the character and mode of dehiscence of the fruit afford a basis for the subdivision of the order into tribes, eleven of which are recognized. The following are the most important tribes. Mclanthoideae.-The plants have a rhizome or corm, and the fruit is a capsule. It contains 36 genera, many of which are north represented in Britain, viz. Tojieldfla, an arctic and alpine genus of small herbs with a slender scape springing from a tuft of narrow ensiform leaves and bearing a raceme of small green flowers; Narlhecium (bog-asphodel), herbs with a habit similar to Tofieldia, but with larger golden-yellow flowers; and Colchicum, a genus with about 30 species includirég 1, the meadow saffron or autumn Crocus (. autumn ale). Colchlcum illustrates the corm-development which is rare in Liliaceae though common in the allied order lridaceae; a corm is formed by swelling at the base of the axis (figs. 3, 4) and persists after the flowers and leaves, bearing next season's plant as a lateral temperate and three are ff

Lilioideae.—Bulbous plants with a terminal racemose inflorescence; the anthers open introrsely and the capsule is loculicidal. It contains 28 genera, several being represented in Britain. The typical genus Lilium and Fritillaria are widely distributed in the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere; F. meleagris, snake's head, is found in moist meadows in some of the southern and central English counties; Tulipa contains more than 50 species in Europe and temperate Asia, and is specially abundant in the dry districts of central Asia; Lloydfia, a small slender alpine plant, widely distributed in the northern hemisphere, occurs on Snowdon in Wales; Scilla (squill) is a large genus, chiefly in Europe and Asia-S. nulans is the bluebell or wild hyacinth; Ornithogalum (Europe, Africa and west Asia) is closely allied to Scilla-O. umbellalum, star of Bethlehem, is naturalized in Britain; H yacinlhus and Muscari are I, » I E f / E 1, 1' I/ I! /I r ""'~. f /, » f " b E 6 L x ff W 'E k liz. f /

16' s', 'f ' w W 1 r U f Lw'f, FIG. 4.—Corm of Colchicum autumn ale in autumn when the plant is in flower. k, Present corm. Brown scales covering it. lts roots. its withered flowering stem. Younger corm produced from h, h, IU st kr k. Roots from k', which grows at expense of k. s”, Sheathing leaves. Foliage leaves. b, b', Flowers. le", Young corm produced from k', in autumn, which in succeeding autumn will produce flowers.

shoot in the axil of a scale-leaf at its base. <Glorlosa, well known in cultivation, climbs by means of its tendril-like leaftips; it has handsome flowers with decurved orange-red or yellow petals; it is a native of tropical Asia and Africa. Veratrum is an alpine genus of the north temperate zone. Asphodeloideae.-The plants generally have a rhizome bearing radical leaves, as in asphodel, rarely a stem with a tuft of

FIG. 3. - Corm Meadow Saffron (Colchicum autumn ale). av Old corm shrivelling; b, young corm produced laterally from the old ODE. leaves as in Aloe, very rarely a tuber (Eriospermum) or bulb (Bowlea). The flowers are borne in a terminal raceme, the anthers open introrsely and the fruit is a capsule, very rarely, as in Dianella, a berry. It contains 64 genera. Asphodelus (asphodel) is a Mediterranean genus; Simelhis, a slender herb with grassy of radical leaves, is a native of west and southern Europe extending into south Ireland. Anlheficum and Chlorophytum, herbs with radical often grass-like leaves and stzipcs bearing a more or less branched inflorescence of small chiefly Mediterranean; M. race- mosum, grape hyacinth, occurs in sandy pastures in the eastern counties of England. To this group- belong a number of tropical and especially South African genera such as Albuca, Urglnea, Dnmfia, Lachenalia and others. Dracaenoirleaet-The plants generally have an erect stem with a crown of leaves which are often leathery; the anthers open introrsely and the fruit is a berry or capsule. It contains 9 genera, several of which, such as Yucca (fig. 5). Dracaena and Cordyllne include arborescent species in which the stem increases in thickness continually by a centrifugal formation of new tissue; an extreme case is afforded by Dracaena Draco, the dragon-tree of Tenerlffe. Yucca and several allied genera are natives of the dry country of the southern and western United States and of Central America. Dracaena and the allied genus Cordyline occur in the warmer regions of the Old World. There is a close relation between the pollination of many yuccas and the life of a moth (Pronuba yuccasella); the flowers are open and scented at night when the female moth becomes active, first collecting a load of pollen and then depositing her eg s, generally in a different flower from that which has supplied tie pollen. The eggs are deposited in the ovary-wall, usually just below an ovule; after each deposition the moth runs to the top of the pistil and thrusts some pollen into the opening of the stigma.