The moths (Hg. 43) of this family are distinguished from the Notodontidae by their delicate build and elongate feet, the caterpillars (fig. 43, 6) by the absence or vestigial condition of the three anterior pairs of prolegs. The two hinder pairs of prolegs are therefore 'alone
FIG. 41.-Notodonta ziczac (Pebble Prominent Moth). Europe.
FIG. 42a.-Cerura borealis. N. America.
FIG. 4211.-Larva of Cerum (Puss Moth). The Sphingidae (hawk moths) are insects often of large size (figs. 46a, 47), with spindle-shaped feelers, elongate and powerful fore wings and the maxillae very well developed. The hindwing carries a frenulum and has its sub-costal nerv-;, '.1;: . ure connected with, I the radial by a short ( bar. The cater- V pillars have the full " 7 '* ' V. Q nuyber of prolegs, ¢2;'.21an, In many genera, , ", carry a prominent, /, "'X * dorsal from on the “;, Q, ,;.;.+»¢f,1'%Q, /i t/, - eighth abdominal il' ' vi segment (fig. 46 b). ' °*{, Q, The pupa lies in an i f earthen cell. On T ' L account of their /“fl/ " ' “ “QQ” powerful Bight the moths of this family have a wide range; certain species-like Acheronlw a t 1' 0 po s FIG. 45.-U7'G7Lil1 boisduvalii at rest, showing under surface of wings, and Protoparce co1w0lvul'i-migrate into the British Islands in numbers almost every summer. functional and the larva progresses by “ looping, ” i.e. bending the body so as to bring these prolegs close up to the thoracic legs, and then, taking a fresh grip on the twig whereon it walks, stretching the body straight out again. Many of these larvae have a striking if FF - ' " ~ T; ' hi? left: 7812*-fff* "“ T jg, -1 ff§ ' § ?€?Ss.> "fs f:.'.'# " ' 1- " s ' 'fa/1 ' 4' 'I - .:» f FIG. 46a.—Chlaerqogmmma jasmine arum (Jessamine Sphinx). a { b N. America. ff A § f01}D 0f f£1rI1ili€S in which the first maxillae are vestigial, the § ?€1€1'Sbb1P€C111121t3 Sand the pupa enclosed in a dense silken cocoon,
/ ' "' ' ave een regar e as
C the mofst highly special- 3; ized o all the moths, "4"'r "“~. After Grote, Nalura1Scimce (J. M. Dent & Co.), t ho “gh according to FIG. 43.-Geometrid Moth (Amphidasys belularia, Linn.). Europe. other VIEWS th? Whole f 1 a, Lagge grey type; b, dark variety; c, caterpillar in looping Sf:if§ r?;§ ;e.L°i§ 1d§ P§ ;ra “Z attitu e. C 111 9 Y 0 midae. Of these cocoon-, ~“ 7'Q, ,. resemblance both in form and colour to the twigs of their food- spinning families may plant. In some of the species the female has the wings reduced to be specially mentioned ', ' W useless vestiges. The family is world-wide in its range. The tropical the Eupterotidae, large " Uramzdae are large handsome moths (FI s., , often with ex- brown or ellow moths g 44 45 . 5' .. . / inhabiting tropical Asia r ~;=a. is 5; and Africa, and reprc- ;. "1 5' sented in Europe only *ff - by the “
3 ;V1T ' moth" (Cnetho¢amp a FIG 4617 Larva
, ;;- s *eg '~§ "'§ '7, processwnea). In this ""' ' , '2 Hi ' . ' family the frenulum is present, and the larvae are protected 12; with tufts of long hair. The Bombyczdae have no frenulum, and
~ f ', :;w"i-a-Q
1 a we 'F I .~¢;g' v ' 5 .iw -:ff .f M /, /Haig ZV =/' 7 "Ti ' ' ' ' , na. m'.l. ” /li i: 'M § ;§§ ;if;'¥'= 'Wlllfllllltiil.ns 'V =-aT;€§§ ffjll l@lg|m§ '~, ., >o / f"f ' L ' ' 1" I wilm all ~ X »-'llrh lllm g sill g'-, Wi FIG. 44-~ Urania boisduvalii. Cuba. - A V” " quisite wing-patterns, allied to the Geometridae, but distinguished IG 47 Smermlhus ocellams (Eyed Hawk moth) Europe by the absence of a frenulum in the moth and the presence of the the larvae are smooth, with some of the segments humped and normal ten prolegs in the larva. J the 81 hth abdon ' l f '
g Ima o ten carrying a dorsal spine. The family