Koya or Kbi. — A dialect of Gondi, spoken by the Koyis in the Vizagapatam and Godavari districts.

Poroja, Parjd, or Parjl. — A dialect of Gondi.

Tulu. — The language largely spoken in South Canara (the ancient Tuluva). It is described by Bishop Caldwell as one of the most highly developed languages of the Dravidian family.

Koraga. — Spoken by the Koragas of South Canara. It is thought by Mr. H. A. Stuart * to be a dialect of Tulu.

Bellera. — Spoken by the Belleras of South Canara, and regarded as a dialect of Canarese or Tulu.

Toda. — The language of the Todas of the Nilgiri hills, concerning which Dr. W. H. R. Rivers writes as follows. t " Bernhard Schmid,J who wrote in 1837, appears to have known more of the true Toda language than any one who has written since, and he ascribes two- thirds of the Toda vocabulary to Tamil, and was unable to trace the remaining third to any other language. Caldwell § believed the language of the Todas to be most closely allied to Tamil. According to Pope,|| the language was originally old Canarese with the addition of a few Tamil forms, but he has included in his vocabulary words which have probably been borrowed from the Badagas."

Kota. — A mixture of Canarese and Tamil spoken by the Kotas of the Nilgiri hills.

Badaga. — The language of the Badagas of the Nilgiri hills. Said to be an ancient form of Canarese.

• Manual of the South Canara district. f The Todas, 1906.

X Madras Journ., Lit. and Sci., V., 1837.

§ Comparative Grammar of the Dravidian Languages. 2nd Ed., 1875. || Outlines of the Toda Grammar appended to Marshall's Phrenologist among the Todas.