DESCRIPTION OF AN ANCIENT TUMULAR CEMETERY. 129

Under this head, Retzius includes the crania of people of both Celtic and Germanic race. The opinion, however, of Professor Nillson, that the type of the old Celtic cranium is intermediate to the true dolichocephalic and brachyce- phalic forms, is, I think, well founded ; the oval of the Celtic cranium, according to this view, being usuall}'- shorter than in the skulls of a decidedly lengthened oval form, and longer than in those of an obviously shortened oval form.^ A more extended comparison of crania may be required to establish these views satisfactorily ; but, so far as they go, it will be seen that they are in favour of the human remains from Lamel-hill being those of a Teutonic rather than a Celtic people. In alluding to the conformation of the head in the Celtic races, Dr. Prichard observes that he has seen about half a dozen skulls found in chfferent parts of England in situations which rendered it highly probable that they belonged to ancient Britons. All these partook of one striking charac- teristic, viz., a remarkable narrowness of the forehead com- pared with the occiput, giving a very small space for the anterior lobes pf the brain, and allomng room for a large development of the posterior lobes. The few crania which I have myself seen from early British tumuli correspond very much with Dr. Prichard's description. They had, for the most part, a shortened oval form ; ample behind, and some- what narrow and receding in the forehead. The cranium from the undoubtedly British tumulus at Gristhorpe, near Scarborough, has this general form ; it is, however, unusually large, and not deficient in frontal development ; its form, too, is in some respects fine, particularly as regards the full supra- orbital region, and the high and fully developed middle head. Sir R. C. Hoarc, who made very extensive examinations of the British tumuli of Wiltshire, in describing a chambered tumulus at Stony Littleton, in Somersetshire, observes that the two skulls found in this barrow were totally different in their formation from those from any other barrow he had examined, with one exception, in being characterised by a remarkable or those with a lengthened oval form of spond with the pyramidal division of Dr. cranium ; and the /y/-0(7(7/Cf7*/(rt/(r, or those Prichai-d, and embrace tlie sivulls of the witli crania of a shortened oval form. Lappes, Finns, Tartars, and Mongols, — Each of these classes he subdivides into people of the Tm-anian, or Ugro-Tar- two orders : tlie ortliof/nathrr, or those tarian family. with upright jaws, and tlie jimr/nalluv, or ^ Report of British Association, 1847, those with prominent jaws. The brachy- p. 31. cephalic crania of Retzius nearly corre-