AND APPLIANCES OF SACRED USE. 203
gives a representation of one formed witli the lieiul of such angelic being allixed to the end of a staff' or handle, the fan consisting of the six wings surrounding the face*". If such appliance were deficient, the Greeks used a naj)kin or piece of linen to supply its place. The jMia-onites make use of fans formed of plates of silver or brass, surrounded Avith little bells. Although no mention of the jlaheUum is found in the " Ordo Romanus" and many ancient rituals of the Latin Church, there are sufficient evidences of its early use. Car- dinal Bona cites the relation of iNIoschus, a writer of the seventh century, in which an occurrence is described shew- ing the use of the flabellum in the time of Pope Agnpetus, (A.D. 535), and the ej)istle of St. llildebert, archbishop of Tours, presenthig to a friend such an object of sacred use, to drive away flies from the sacrifice, and setting forth its mystic import. He cites also the ancient Cluniac Con- suetudinal, and other proofs of its adoption by the Roman Church. In the inventory taken at St. Riquier, near Abbeville, in the year 831, mention is made of a " fiabellum argenteum, ad muscas a sacrificiis abigendas." In another, relating to the church of Amiens, is found " flabellum factum de serico et auro ad repellendas nuiscas et immunda," given by a canon of that church, about 1:250. An inventory of the Sainte Chapelle, at Paris, in 1363, gives the "Item, duo flabella, vulgariter nuncupata muscalia, ornata perils," and another, in 137G, "ij. flabelli, Gallice esmouchoirs, ornati de perils." In our own conntry the following instances of the use of this singular object of sacred use may be cited. In a MS. inventory preserved at Salisbury, the following entry occurs, A.D. 1214, " Ornamenta Ecclesie Sarum, inventa in Thesau- raria, — ij. flabella de surto (? serico) et pergameno." In 1298 amongst the ornaments and vestments in the church of St. Fj^ith, in the crypts under St. Paul's, London, there was " unum nuiscatorium de pennis pavonum*^." Hamo, bishop of Rochester, gave, in the year 134G, to a chantry founded by him in that cathedral, " unum flabellum de serico cum virga eburnea ^" In the enumeration of the valuable effects of the deceased Queen Isabella, daughter of Philippe le Bel, and <^ Ritualc Groec.,p. 137. p. 232.
- ! Dugdale, Hist, of St. PauVs, orig. edit. « Registruin Rofi', p. JoK