150 ST. WINEFREDE S WELL AT HOLYWELL.

the basin, but by sending -workmen into the water, it was ascertained that the shingle has disappeared from under the foundations of the walls of the basin, in some places nearly as far as the men could thrust in theu^ arms, and in one instance at least, a squared stone has given w^ay. This dis- appearance of the foundation, notwithstanding the judicious precaution originally taken to secm^e it, might appear a mys- tery, but that the well, in the days of ignorance, w^as frequented by bathers, who, it is believed, pulled out the pebbles, and carried them away as memorials of the miraculous properties of the water. In the original state of the building, the main basin was protected by the screens, but these have been broken down long enough to allow for the gradual abstraction of the bottom in this manner and to this extent. Whatever may be the cause, such is the effect, and under such circumstances this beautiful building cannot but be con- sidered in a state of peril, which calls at least for further examination, although as yet the arches do not exhibit any marks of settlement. It is possible that the contingency of the shingle becoming loosened, or w^ashing from under the wall, may have been provided for. There is evidently a great mass of masonry in the substrnctions, and it is quite con- sistent with what is known of the constructive skill of the architects of the thirteenth century, when they thought it worth while to exert it, to suppose that stones of such large size may have been laid down, that they may continue to support the superstructm-e in the manner of corbels, but it is not easy either to ascertain the fact, or to apply the operation of under- pinning, should it prove to be requisite. To obtain access to the foundations, it would be necessary to empty the basin, and discharge the water as it rises ; and in order to effect this, the front of the basin must be taken doAvn, and a channel as deep as the bottom of the basin cut through the outer reservoir, depriving the mill of its moving power as long as the repairs might be in hand. With so formidable an under- taking to contend with, it is cause less of surprise than of regret that the late repairs should have been restricted to the more accessible portions of the building, and that there should be no measm-es in prospect for its permanent security. AMBROSE POYNTER.