THE ROYAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE. 399

8eilimcntaj*y deposit from turbid but traiKjuil water — a fact of much significance in regard to the time occupied in the deposit of the bed. " Towards the base of this brick-earth, an 1, consequently, of a con- siderably more recent date than the imijlem^'uts found in the gravel at the higher level, remains of the cave-lion, cave-hyicna, mammoth, rhi- noceros, musk-sheep, and reindeer occur; and in this brick-earth a Palfeo- lithic implement was actually found l)eneath remains of the mammoth. Any calculation, therefore, us to the probable antiipiity of the flint implements found in the gravel must be based upon these considerations. I may add that the conditions at Salisbury do not greatly ditfer from those observed elsewhere. " It cannot be attemled with much advantage to attempt to measure the period by years which would have been required to deepen our Salisbury valleys some 80 or 90 ft. ; and then, further, to calculate how long a time must be still allowed for the quiet deposit of a buttress-like accumulatiou of brick-earth, .30 ft. in thickness, against the side of one of these eroded valleys. But however remote this period may be, we have in it the measure of the antiquity of the flint imjjlements found in the gravels at Beraerton and Milford Hill. We can, at all events, establish the comparative, if not the positive, antiquity of Palaeolithic implements, and this is all that is absolutely needed l)y the archaeologist. " A passing word on the snjiposed non-artificial character of PalcTiolithic implements. It was only when geology demonstrated the immense antiquity of these objects, that the slightest doubt of their human workmanship was manifested. The Paheolithic implements found at Ho.xne, in 1797, by Mr. Frere were figured in the ' Archreologia.' and Mr. Frere's account of them was duly published by the Society of Antiipiaries without doubt or question. And a similar Palaeolithic implement, now in the British Museum, ' found with elephant's tooth opposite to Black Mary's, nearGrayes Imi Lane,' London, was preserved, and classed, for more than a century and a half, as a British stone weapon. " A glance at the rudely-chipped Palajolithic implements in your tem- porary museum — and they fairly represent their class — will show you how little remains to tell us of the habits and customs of the people who fashioned them. " There are no arrow-heads, no corn-crushei-s, no potteiy, not a par- ticle of worked bone. To learn something of the habits of the people of the Palioolithic Period we have to explore the caves and rock-sheltere which served for their homes, and we must in these break up the solid floor of stalagmite which seals over the reuniants of their feasts, and the thousand and one objects which were in daily use by them. There is then no lack of information ; we find that these Paheolithic men — these men who lived cnntemporary with the mammoth, were hunters, taking to their caves the fleshy ])arts only of the larger animals they had killed in the chase. They do not appear to have made pottery, and as we do not find any implements with which corn is likely to have been ground, they were probably unacquainted with agriculture. They, per- haps, clothed themselves with skins : at all events among the myriads of flint implements found in the caves there are very many jirecisely like the flint ' sera pel's ' still in use by the Esquimaux for dressing hides. Then there are deli&ite bone-needles, each with a neatly d'illed eye,