pancy of the soil was instinctively recognized. The Sccretary of the Interior, in his report for 1849, says: "The wild tribes of Indians who have their hunting-grounds in the great prairie through which our emigrants to California pass, have, during the year, been more than usually pacifie. They have suffered pcople tion, though they travelled in great numbers, and consnmed on their routo much grass and game. For these the Indians cx pect compensation, and their claim is just."

The Secretary, therefore, concurs in the recommendation of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs that treaties be negotiated with these tribes, stipulating for the right of way through their conntry, and the usc of grass and game, paying them therefor small annuitics in useful articles of nerchandise, and agricultural implements, and instrnction " through their country." and conveyed by such phrases as these. If they mean any thing, they

The Indians were to pass through their country with little interrup onr Tho right of way" A great deal is conceded, covcred, mean all that the Indians ever claimed to be inflnenced to this peace- supposed ableness and good-will more by a hope of rewards and gifts than by a wholesome fear of the power of the Government; and it was delegation of chicfs to Wasing- proposed to take a ton, "in order that they may acquire some knowledge of our greatness and strength, which will mako a on them, and through then on their brethren," and "will tend to inflnenee them to continue peaccful relations."

It begins to dawn upon the Governnent's perccption that peace is cheaper as well as kinder than war. whip them into friendship," says one of the superintendents of the Upper Missouri Agency. A treaty "can do no harm, and the cxpense would be less than that of a six months' war. * Justice as well as policy requires that we should mako some remuneration for the damages these Indians sustain in conse quence of the destruction of their game, timber, etc., by ihe whites passing throngh their country."

salutary impression 4We never can