conncil, where several innocent ehiefs were killed when abso lately engaged in promoting United States."

a pcace with you, the Thirteen The next vear the President instructed the governor of the territory northwest of the Ohio to "examine carefully into the real temper of the Indian tribes " in his department, and says: The treaties which have been made may be examined, but must not be departed from, unless a ehange of boundary ben- eficial to the United States can be obtained." He says also: "You will not neglect any opportunity that may otfer of extin guishing the Indian rights to the westward, as far as the Mississippi."

Beyond that river even the wildest dream of greed did not at that time look.

The President adds, moreover: "You may stipulate that any white persons going over the said boundarics without a lieense from the proper offieers of the United States may be treated in such manner as the Indiaus may see fit."

I have not yet seen, in any accounts of the Indian hostilities on the North-western frontier during this period, any refcrence to those repeated permissions giren by the United States to the Indians, to defend their lands as saw fit. Probably ignorant of they the greater number of the pioneer settlers were as these provisions in Indian treaties as are the greater number of American eitizens to-day, who are honestly unaware, are therefore ineredulous-that the Indians had either provoeation or

At this time separate treaties were made with the Six Na- tions, and the governor says that these treaties were made sep- arately beeause of the jealousy and hostility existing between then and the Delawares, Wyandottes, etc., whieh he is "not wiling to lessen," beeanse it weakens their power. he frankly adds, "it would not be very diffieult, if circnm stances required it, to set them at deadly variance." unaware-and being Tight to kill intruders on their lands. "Indeed,"