life are still clearly distinguished from all other aborigines of the continent. The Spanish invaders fotnd them living gencrally in towns and eities. They are so described by Spanish historians as far back as 1540. They carly revolted, thouglh without suc cess, against Spanish rule; and in tlhe strugyle many of their towns were burnt, and much loss of life and property occasion- ed. It woula seem, however, that, in addition to the villagers, there were otihers at that tine living dispersed, whose reduction to Pueblos was determined upon and made the subject of a de- cree by Charles V. of Spain, in 1546, in order chiely, as declared, to thcir being instructed in the Catholic faith. Under the Span ish Goverment schools were established at the villages; the Christian religion was introduced, and impressed npon the peo- ple, and the rights of property thoroughly protected. By all these means a high degree of civilization was secured, whic was maintained until after the establishment of Mexican indepen- dence; when, from want of Government care and snpport, decay followed, and the Puebios measurably deteriorated, down to the tine when the authority of tlhe United States was extended over that country: still they are a remarkable people, noted for their so- briety, industry, and docility. They have few wants, and are sim ple in their habits and moral in their lves. They are, indecd, scarcely to be considered Indians, in the scnse traditionally at- tached to that word, and, but for their residence upon reserva tions patented to these bands in confirmation of ancient Spanish grants, and their continued tribal organization, might bc regard ed as a part of the ordinary population of the country. There are now nincteen villages of these Indians in New Mexico, Each village has a distinct and organized government, with its govern- or and other offieers, all of whom are elected aunually by the peo- ple, except the cacique, a sort of high-priest, who holds his office during life. Though nominally Catholics in religion, it is thought that their real belicfs are those of their ancestors in the days of Montezuma

Tho tribes residing wholly or in part within the limits of Utah are the North-western, Western, and Goship bands of Shoshones; the Weber, Yampa, Elk Mountain, and Lintah bands of Utes; the Timpanagos, the San Pitches, the Pali-Vents, he Piedes, and She be-rechers-all, with the exception of the Shoshones, speaking the Ute langunge, and being native to the country inhabited by them.