shadowy, and could have had no element of shame in it, since negotiate stil niore they forthwith proceeded, unabaslied, to treaties with Indians, and break them; for instance, the so- called "Brunot Treaty" with the Ute Indians in Colorado, and one with the Crow Indians in Montana both made in the summer of 1873. They were called at the time "conven- tions " er "agreements," and not "treatics;" but the differ ence is only in name.

They stated, in a succession of numbered articles, promises of payment of moneys, and surrenders and cessions of land, by both partics; were to be ratified by Congress before taking effect; and were understood by the Indians agreeing to them as if they had been called treatics. to be as binding The fact that no man's sense of justice subterfuges, under the name of agrcements, is only to be ex- plained by the deterioration of the sense of honor in the na tion. In the days of Grotius there wcre mcn who failcd to see dishonor in a trick if profit came of it, and of such he openly revolted .against such WTote in words whose truth might sting to-day as, no doubt, it stung then:

"Whereas thcre are many that think it superfluous to re- quire that justice from a free people exact daily from private men, the ground of tlis error is or their governors which they this: bccause these men respect nothing in the law but the profit that ariseth from it, which in private persons, being single and nnable to defend themselves, is plain and evident; but for great eities, that seem to have within themselves all things necessary for their own well-being, it doth not so ly appear that they have any need of that virtue called jus tice which respects strangers.

These extracts from unqnestioned authoritics on internation- al law provo that we may hold nations to standards of justice and good faith as we hold men; that the standards are the plain- same in each case; and that a nation that steals and lies and