were intended to subsist independently of the person who has conclnded them, are undoubtedly binding on his snccessors; and the obligation which such treaties impose on the State passes successively to all her rnlers as soon as public autlhority. The case is the same with respect to the rights acquired by those treaties State, and successively pass to her conductors."

Von Martens says: "Treaties, properly they assume the They are acquired for the so called, are either personal when their continuation on the person of the sovereign or his family, are real when personal or real. in foree depends with whom they have becn contracted. They their duration depends on the State, independently of the per- son who contracts. Conseqnently, all treaties between repub lies must be real They are time specifi All treaties made for or forever are real,

"This division is of the greatest importance, because real treaties never ccase to be obligatory, except in cases where all treaties become invalid. Every successor to the sovereignty, in virtue of whatever title he may succeed, is obliged to observe them without their being renewed at lis accession. Wheaton says: "They (treaties) continue to bind the State, whatever intervening changes may take place in its internal constitution or in the persons of its rulers. The State continues the same, notwithstanding such change, and cousequently the treaty relating to national objeets remains in force so independent State," long as the natiou exists as an

There is no disagreement among authorities on this point. it is also said by some, secking to defend or palliate the Unit ed States Government's continuous violations of its treaties with the Indians, that the practice of all nations has been and abrogate a treaty whenever it saw This is true; but the treaties have been done away with in one of two ways, either by a mutual and peaceful agreement to that effect between the partics who had made it-the treaty good reason for doing is to so.