longs to every nation, or the right of making war against who- ever attacks her and her rights; and this is the foundation of defensive war. Secondly, the right if we canuot obtain it otherwise, or to pursue our to obtain justicc by force, right by force This is the foundation of offensive war."

of arns. Justice is pledged by men to each other by ises or coutracts; what promises and contraets are between men, treaties are between nations means of prom-

President Woolsey says: "A contract is one of the highest acts of buman free-will: it is the wil binding itself in regard to the future, and surrendering its right to chage expressed intention, so that it becomes, morally and jurally, a certain a wrong to act otherwise.

National contracts are even more solemn aud sacred than private ones, on account of the great interests involved; of the dcliberateness with which the obligations are assumed; of the permanence and generality of the obligations, measured by the national life, and including thousands of particular eases; and of each nation's calling, under God, to be a teacher of right to all, within and without its borders."

Vattel says: "It is a settled point in natural law that he who as made a promise to any one has couferred upon him a real right to require the thing promised; and, consequently, that the breaeh of a perfect promise is a violation of another person's right, and as be to rob a man of his property.

evidently an act of injustice as it would

There would no longer be any security, no longer any com- merce between mankind, if they did not think themselves obliged to keep faith with each other, and to perform their promises."

It is evident, that the whole weight of the rceognized and aceopted law of nations is thrown on the side of justice be- tween nation and nation, and is the recognized and accepted standard of the obligation involved in compacts between na

tion and nation.