Cherokees t0ok up arms on the rebel sidc. That this was not from any love or must be evident to any one who believed that they possessed of inemories. The opportunity of fighting against Georgians conld not but have been welcome to the soul of a Cherokee, even if he bought it at the price of fighting side of the government which had been so tion. Their defeetion was no doubt largely due to terror. The forts in thcir vieinity States troops were withdrawn from that part of the eountry They had no prospcet of protection from the Government, and, as if to leave them without one incentive to loyalty, the Gov- ernment snsponded the payment of their annuities.

The Confederate Government stepped in, artfully promising liking for the Southern cause, it would seem, were taken a rare on the peridious to his na- were surrendcred to the rebels; all United to pay what the Northern Government refused. It wonld have loyalty, indeed, to have stood unmoved in snch circumstances as these; yet thousands of the Indians in Indian Territory did remain loyal, and fied for their lives to avoid be- ing prossed into the rebel service; almost half of the Creek nation, many Seminoles, Chickasaws, Quapaws, Cherokces, and half a dozen others-over six thousand in all-fled to Kansas, where their snfferings in the winter of 1862 were heart-rending.

That the Cherokees did not lightly abandon their allegiance is on record in the offieial history of the Department of the Interior The Report of the Indian Bureau for 1863 says: "The Cherokees, prior to the lRcbellion, wcre the most numerous, intelligent, wealtlhy, and influential tribe of this superintendency (the southern). For many months they steadily ro- sisted the efforts made by the rebels to induce them to abandon their allegiance to the Federal Governtnent; but being wholly unprotected, and without the means of resistance, they were finally compelled to enter into treaty stipulations with the rebel authoritics. This connection was, howerer, of short duration, for upon the first appcarance of United States forces in their