The progress of this people in the ten years following this remioval is almost past belicf. In 1851 they had twenty-two primary schools, and had just built two large houses for a male and female seminary, in which the higher branches of education were to be taught. They had a temperance society with three thousand members, and an of the eight districts into wlich the country was divided. They had a Bible Socicty and twelve ehurches; a weekly news paper, partly in English, partly in Cherokee; eight district courts, two cireuit courts, and a supreme court. Legislative business was transacted as before by the national couneil and auxiliary socicty in each cortmittee, elected for four years. Nearly and girls were in the public schools

In 1860 the agitation on the subject of slavery began to be felt, a strong antislavery party being organized in the, na tion. There were stormy scenes also in that part of the coun- one thousand boys try nearest the Kansas line. For several vears white settlers had persisted in taking up farms there, and the Cherokees had in rain implored the Government to drive them away. The officer at last sent to enforce the Cherokees' rights and dislodge the squatters was obliged to burn their cabins over their hcads before tlhey wonld stir, so persunded were they of tho superior right of the wlite man over the Indian. "The only reason the scttlers gave for not heeding the notices was that they had boen often notificd before to quit the reservation; and, no steps having been taken to enforce obedience, they supposed they would be allowed to remain with like security in this instance."

"It is sarprising," says the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, "to see the growing disposition on the part of our eitizens to wholly disregard our treaty obligations with Indian tribes with in our borders; and it is to be hoped that in future their rights wi be held mnore sacred, or that the Government will in every instanee promptly. see that they are observed and respeeted."

In the first year of the Civil War a large number of the