concluded another trenty, ceding territory for which the United States thought it worth while to pay $15,000 immediately, and an annuity of $3000.

Ten years later (in 1816) they gave up all their lands in Sonth Carolina, and the United States became surety that South Carolina should pay to them $5000 for the same the autumn of the same year they made still another cession of lands to the Uuited States Government, for which they have an annuity of $6000 a year for ten years, and $5000 as compensation for the improvements they surrendered

In 1817 an In werc to important treaty was concluded, making still further cossions of lands, and defining the position of a part of the Cherokee nation which had moved away, with tho I'resi- The eighth Article of this treaty promises that the United States will give to overy head of an Indian family residing on the east side of the Mississippi, who may wish to become a citizen, "a reserva acres of land, in which they will have a life estate, with a reversion in fee-simple to their chil dent's permission, to the Arkansas River in 1809 tion of six hundred and forty dren."

What imagination could have foreseen that in less than twenty years the chiefs of this Cherokee nation would be found piteously pleading on these very lands? Iu the whole history of our Govern ment's dealings with the Indian tribes, there is no record so black as the record of its perfidy to be allowed to remain undisturbed There wil to this nation. come a time in the reimote future when, to the student of Amcrican history, it wil seem beginning of the century they had been steadily advancing in civilization well-nigh ineredible Fron the As far back as 1800 they had begun the manu- scarcely a fam- facture of cotton cloth, and in 1820 there was ily in that part of the nation liviug east of the Mississippi but what understood the use of the card and spinning-wheel. Ev cry family ld its faru der eulivation. The territory was