records docs it occur that the Indians who committed these simply ejccting by force, and, in the con tests arising from this foreible ejcetment, killing men who ad usnrped and stolen their lands-lands ceded to them by the atrocitics" were United States Goverument in a solemn treaty, of which the fifth Artiele was as follows:

"If any citizen of the United States or other person, not be- an Indian, shall attempt to scttle on any of the lands west- hereby allotted to the Indians for their hunting-grounds, or having already settled and will not remove from the same within six mouths after the ratification of this treaty, such person shall ing ward or sonthward of the said boundaries which are forfeit the protection of the United States, and the Indians may punish him or not as they please."

It is cvident that it is necessary to go back to the days of the first treaties with our Indians to possess ourselves of the first requisites for fair judgment of their conduct toward white What would a community of white men, situated pre men ciscly as these Cherokees were, have done?What did these very Southern colonists themsclves do to croached on their lands? Fought them; killed them; burnt Spaniards who en their houses over their heads, and drove them into the sea!

In a later communication in the same year to the President, the Secretary says: "The disgraceful violation of the treaty of Hopewell with the Cherokecs requires the serious consideration of Congress. If so direct and manifest contempt of the au thority of the United States be snffered with impanity, it will be in vain to attempt to extend the arm of the Government to the frontiers. The Indian tribes can have no faith in such im becile promises, and the lawless whites will ridieule a govern- ment which shall on paper only make Indian treaties and reg- nlate Indian boundaries."

The President, thus entreated, addressed himself to the Sen ate, and asked their advice. He recapitulated the facts as set