low)-he took a portrait, and a very swect-faced young woman she is too, wrapped in a beautifully ornamented fur robe, much handsomer and more graceful than the fur-lined circulars worn by civilized women

The United States' first treaty with this handfnl of gentle and peaccable Indians was made in 1817. It was treaty of peace and friendship. In 1825 another was made, in which the. Poncas admit that "they reside within the territorial liuits of the United States, acknowledge their supremacy, and claim their protee tion." They also admit "the right of the United States to simply regulate all trade and intercourse with them." The United States, on their part, "agree to receive the Poncar tribe of In- dians into their friendship and under their protection, and to extend to them from time to time such benefits and acts of kiudncss as may be convenicnt, and seem just and proper to the President of the United States."

After this there is little mention, in the official records of the Government, of the Poncas for some thirty years. in the Upper Missouri region were so troublesome and aggres- sive that the pcaccable Poncas were left to shift for themselves Other tribes as they best eould amidst all the warring and warring interests by which they were surrounded. In 1856 the agent of the Upper Platte mentions incidentally that their lands were being fast intruded upon by squaiters; and in 1857 another agent reports having met on the banks of the Missouri a large band of Pon- eas, who nade conplaint that all the Indians on the river were receiving presents and they were overlooked; that the men from the steamboats cut their trees down, and that white settlers taking away all their land. for Indian Affairs writes: Treatics were entered into in In 1858 the Commissioner were March and April ast with the Poncas and Yankton Sionx who reside west of Iowa, for the purpose of extinguishing their title to all the lands occupied and claimed by them, except