tressed, as well they may be, at the reckless course others of their tribe. They weleome the presence of the sol- diers sent to chastise the offenders, and gladly render all the setvice to them they can, even against their relatives and friends. pursued by

In 1855 it is stated that "various causcs have combined to prevent the Minnesota Sioux from deriving, herctofore, much substantial benefit from the very liberal provisions of the trea- ties of 1851. Until after the reservations were permanently assured to the Indians (1854) it would have been highly im proper to have made the expenditures for permanent improve- ments, and since then the affairs of the agency have not been frec from confusion."

"Large sums of money have been expended for these Sioux, but they hare been indolent, extravagant, intemperate, and have wasted their means without improving, or seeming to desire to improve their condition."

Both these statements are made in grave good faith; certainly without any consciousness of their bearing on each other. It is not stated, however, what specific means the Sioux could have employed "to improve their condition," had they "desired" to do so.

The summer of 1857 was one which will long be remembered by the citizeus of Mlinnesota. It was opened by terrible massacres, which were all the work of a strolling outcast band of Sioux, not more thau fifteeu in number. They had been driven out of their tribe some sixteen years previous, and had been ever since then leading a wandering and marauding life. The beginning of the trouble was a trivial difficulty between one of the white settlers on Rock River and an Indian The settler's dog bit the Indian, and the Indian shot the dog. For this the white settlers beat the Indian severely, and then went to the camp and by force took away all the guns of the band. This was at a season of the year when to be without