ON OTHER PERTURBATIONS OF THE MIND. 131spread over all Italy: but that these doctrines should be

so easily understood and approved of by the unlearned is a great proof that they were not written with any great subtlety, and they think their establishment to be owing to this. IV. But let every one defend his own opinion, for every one is at liberty to choose what he likes : I shall keep to my old custom ; and, being under no restraint from the laws of any particular school, which in philosophy every one must necessarily confine himself to, I shall always in quire what has the most probability in every question, and this system, which I have often practised on other occa sions, I have adhered closely to in my Tusculan Disputa tions. Therefore, as I have acquainted you with the dis putations of the three former days, this book shall con clude the discussion of the fourth day. When we had come down into the Academy, as we had done the former days, the business was carried on thus : M. Let any one say, who pleases, what he would wish to have discussed. A. I do not think a wise man can possibly be free from every perturbation of mind. M. He seemed by yesterday's discourse to be free from grief; unless you agreed with us only to avoid taking uptime. A. Not at all on that account, for I was extremely satis fied with your discourse. M. You do not think, then, that a wise man is subject to grief ? A. No, by no means. M. But if that cannot disorder the mind of a wise man, nothing else can. For what can such a man be disturbed by fear ? Fear proceeds from the same things when ab sent which occasion grief when present. Take away grief, then, and you remove fear. The two remaining perturbations are, a joy elate above measure, and lust; and if a wise man is not subject to these, his mind will be always at rest. A. I am entirely of that opinion. M. Which, then, shall we do? Shall I immediately crowd all my sails ? or shall I make use of my oars, as if

I were just endeavoring to get clear of the harbor?