< Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition
Volume VIII
Eleanor — Fakir
El – Eo Ep – Es Et – Ez F – Fa
  • Eleanor, wife of Henry II. of England.
  • Eleatic School, of philosophy.
  • Elecampane, plant.
  • Elections, Parliamentary and municipal.
  • Electricity.
    • Historical Sketch.
    • ...
    • Index.
  • Electrolysis.
  • Electro-Metallurgy.
  • Electrometer.
  • Elemi, resin.
  • Elephant, ungulate animal.
  • Elephanta Isle, India.
  • Elephantiasis, disease.
  • Eleusinia, Greek festival.
  • Eleusis, town, Attica.
  • Eleutheropolis, ancient town, Palestine.
  • Elgin, or Morayshire, county, Scotland.
  • Elgin, Seventh Earl of, collector of Elgin Marbles.
  • Elgin and Kincardine, Earl of, governor-general of India.
  • El-Golea, town, Algeria.
  • Eli, priest and judge of Israel.
  • Elias Levita, Jewish rabbi.
  • Élie de Beaumont, J. B. A. L. L., French geologist.
  • Elijah, or Elias, Hebrew prophet.
  • Eliot, John, apostle of the Indians.
  • Eliot, Sir John, English statesman.
  • Elis, country & town, ancient Greece.
  • Elisha, Hebrew prophet.
  • Elizabeth, queen of England.
  • Elizabeth, St, of Hungary.
  • Elizabeth Petrovna, empress of Russia.
  • Elizabeth, town, New Jersey, U.S.A.
  • Elizabethgrad, town, Russia.
  • Elizabethpol, or Gansha, town, Russia.
  • Elk, or Moose Deer (See Deer).
  • Ellenborough, Lord, chief justice of England.
  • Ellenborough, Earl of, governor-general of India.
  • Ellesmere, Earl of, English litterateur.
  • Ellichpur, district & town, India.
  • Elliotson, John, English physician.
  • Elliott, Ebenezer, corn-law rhymer.
  • Ellis, George, English writer.
  • Ellis, Sir Henry, English antiquary.
  • Ellis, William, English missionary.
  • Ellor, town, India.
  • Ellora, town, India.
  • Ellsworth, town, Maine, U.S.A.
  • Ellwood, Thomas, English theological writer.
  • Elm, tree.
  • Elmacin, or Elmakyn, George, Egyptian historian.
  • Elmes, Harvey Lonsdale, English architect.
  • Elmes, James, English architect.
  • Elmina, town, West Africa.
  • Elmira, town, New York, U.S.A.
  • El-Obeid, town, Kordofan, Africa.
  • Éloi, St, bishop of Noyon.
  • El Paso, town, Mexico.
  • Elphinstone, Mountstuart, Indian statesman.
  • Elphinstone, William, Scottish bishop and statesman.
  • El Rosario, town, Mexico.
  • Elsinore, town, Denmark.
  • Elvas, town, Portugal.
  • Ely, town, England.
  • Elysium, of Greek mythology.
  • Elyot, Sir Thomas, English scholar.
  • Elzevir, family of Dutch printers.
  • Emanuel, or Emmanuel, king of Portugal.
  • Emanuel b. Salomon, Hebrew poet.
  • Embalming, of dead bodies.
  • Embankment, in engineering.
  • Ember Days and Weeks.
  • Embezzlement, in English law.
  • Emblements, in English law.
  • Embossing.
  • Embroidery, pictorial needlework.
  • Embrun, town, France.
  • Embryology.
  • Emden, town, Prussia.
  • Emerald, precious stone.
  • Émeric-David, Toussaint-Bernard, French archæologist.
  • Emerson, William, English mathematician.
  • Emery, mineral.
  • Emetics, in medicine.
  • Emeu, bird.
  • Emigration.
  • Emmaus, village near Jerusalem.
  • Emmerich, town, Prussia.
  • Emmet, Robert, Irish revolutionist.
  • Emmet, Thomas Addis, Irish lawyer and revolutionist.
  • Emmius, Ubbo, Dutch historian.
  • Empedocles, Greek philosopher.
  • Emperor, sovereign title.
  • Emphysema, affection of the lungs.
  • Empire.
  • Empoli, town, Italy.
  • Empyema, or Empyæma, medical term.
  • Ems, town, Prussia.
  • Enamel, glaze on metal.
  • Encaustic Painting.
  • Encaustic Tiles.
  • Enchasing, or Chasing, industrial art.
  • Encina, or Enzina, Juan del, Spanish dramatist.
  • Encke, Johann Franz, German astronomer.
  • Encyclopædia.
  • Endive, esculent plant.
  • Endor, ancient town, Palestine.
  • Endowed Schools Acts.
  • Endymion, of Greek mythology.
  • Energy, in physics.
  • Enfantin, Barthélemy Prosper, French socialist.
  • Enfield, town, England.
  • Enfield, town, Connecticut, U.S.A.
  • Enfield, William, English miscellaneous writer.
  • Engadine, valley, Switzerland.
  • Engel, Johann Jakob, German writer.
  • Engelbrechtsdatter, Dorthe, Norwegian poetess.
  • Enghien, Duc d’, French prince.
  • Engineering.
  • England.
    • Geography and Statistics.
    • Index.
    • History.
    • Index to History of England.
    • Tables.
  • England, Church of.
  • English Bible.
    • The Manuscript Bible.
    • The Printed Bible.
  • English Language.
  • English Literature.
    • Index.
  • Engraving.
  • Enguera, town, Spain.
  • Enkhuizen, town, Holland.
  • Enlistment, in British army.
  • Ennis, town, Ireland.
  • Enniscorthy, town, Ireland.
  • Enniskillen, town, Ireland.
  • Ennius, Q., Roman poet and dramatist.
  • Enoch, of Scripture.
  • Enos, town, Turkey in Europe.
  • Enriquez Gomez, Antonio, Spanish dramatist.
  • Enschede, town, Holland.
  • Entail, in law.
  • Entomology, the science of insects (q.v.).
  • Entozoa, internal parasites.
  • Entrecasteaux, Joseph Antoine Bruni d’, French navigator.
  • Enzio, king of Sardinia.
  • Eon de Beaumont (Chevalier D’Eon), French adventurer.
  • Eötvös, Jozef, Baron, Hungarian statesman and poet.
  • Epaminondas, Theban general.
  • Épée, Charles-Michel, Abbé de l’, teacher of deaf-mutes.
  • Eperies, or Presova, town, Hungary.
  • Epernay, town, France.
  • Ephemeridæ, family of insects.
  • Ephesians, Epistle to the.
  • Ephesus, ancient town, Asia Minor.
  • Ephori, Greek magistrates.
  • Ephorus, Greek historian.
  • Ephraem Syrus, early Christian writer.
  • Ephraim, of Scripture.
  • Epicharmus, Greek poet.
  • Epictetus, Greek philosopher.
  • Epicurus, Greek philosopher.
  • Epidamnus (Durazzo), ancient town, Illyricum.
  • Epidaurus, ancient town, Argolis, Greece.
  • Epidaurus, ancient towns, Laconia, Greece, & Illyricum.
  • Epigoni, in Greek mythology.
  • Epigrams.
  • Epilepsy, disease.
  • Epimenides, Greek poet.
  • Épinal, town, France.
  • Épinay, Madame d’, French authoress.
  • Epiphanius, St, early Christian writer.
  • Epiphany, church festival.
  • Epiphytes, plants growing on others (See Botany).
  • Epirus, district, Greece.
  • Episcopacy.
  • Episcopius, Simon, Dutch theologian.
  • Epitaph.
  • Epithalamium, nuptual song.
  • Epsom, town, England.
  • Epsom Salts, in pharmacy.
  • Equation, Equations, Algebraic.
    • Determinant.
    • Theory of Equations.
  • Equites, Roman order.
  • Equity, in law.
  • Érard, Sébastien, French musical instrument-maker.
  • Erasmus, Desiderius, Dutch scholar.
  • Erastus, Thomas, Swiss theologian.
  • Erato, Muse of erotic poetry.
  • Eratosthenes, Greek astronomer and geographer.
  • Erbach, town, Germany.
  • Ercilla y Zuñiga, Alonso de, Spanish poet.
  • Erdelyi, Janos, Hungarian poet.
  • Erdmann, Otto Linné, German chemist.
  • Erebus, in Greek mythology.
  • Erechtheus, in Greek legend.
  • Eretria, town, Eubœa (q.v.), Greece.
  • Erfurt, town, Prussia.
  • Ergot, or Spurred Rye, drug.
  • Erie, town, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
  • Erie, Lake, North America (See St Lawrence).
  • Erigena, Johannes Scotus, mediæval philosopher.
  • Erigone, in Greek mythology.
  • Erinna, Greek poetess.
  • Erinyes, or Erinnyes, in Greek mythology.
  • Eriphyle, in Greek mythology.
  • Eris, in Greek mythology.
  • Erivan, or Irwan, town, Transcaucasia, Russia.
  • Erlangen, town, Bavaria.
  • Erlau, town, Hungary.
  • Erl-King, or Erlkönig, mythical character.
  • Erman, Paul, German physicist.
  • Ermine, carnivorous mammal.
  • Ernesti, Johann August, German philologist and theologian.
  • Ernesti, Johann Christian Gottlieb, German scholar.
  • Ernst, Heinrich Wilhelm, German composer and violinist.
  • Eros, Greek god (the Roman Cupid).
  • Erpe, Thomas von, or Erpenius, Dutch Orientalist.
  • Ersch, Johann Samuel, German bibliographer.
  • Erskine, Ebenezer, founder of the Secession Church, Scotland
  • Erskine, John (d. 1768), of Carnock, Scottish law writer.
  • Erskine, John (d. 1803), minister of Church of Scotland.
  • Erskine, Ralph, Scottish divine.
  • Erskine, Lord, lord chancellor of England.
  • Erskine, Thomas, of Linlathen, Scottish theological writer.
  • Erysipelas, disease.
  • Erythræ, ancient Greek town, Asia Minor.
  • Eryx (Monte San Giuliano), ancient town and mountain, Sicily.
  • Erzeroum, town, Turkish Armenia.
  • Erzgebirge, mountains, Germany.
  • Esarhaddon, Assyrian king.
  • Esau, or Edom, of Scripture.
  • Eschatology, doctrine of last things.
  • Escheat, in law.
  • Eschenbach, Wolfram Von (See Wolfram), German poet.
  • Eschenburg, Johann Joachim, German writer.
  • Eschenmayer, Karl von, German philosopher and physicist.
  • Eschscholtz, Johann Friedrich, German naturalist.
  • Eschwege, town, Germany.
  • Eschweiler, town, Prussia.
  • Escobar y Mendoza, Antonio, Spanish casuist.
  • Escorial, or Escurial, palace, Spain.
  • Esdras, Books of, in Apocrypha.
  • Esher, town, England.
  • Eshref, or Ashref, town, Persia.
  • Eski-Djuma, town, Bulgaria.
  • Eskilstuna, town, Sweden.
  • Eskimo, race of people.
  • Eski-Sagra, or Eski-Zagra, town, European Turkey.
  • Eski-Shehr, town, Asiatic Turkey.
  • Esneh, or Isne, town, Upper Egypt.
  • Esparto, or Spanish Grass, grass fibre.
  • Espinasse (L’Espinasse, q.v.).
  • Espinel, Vicente, Spanish poet.
  • Esprémesnil, or Épréménil, J. J. Duval d’, French politician.
  • Espronceda, José de, Spanish poet and politician.
  • Equimaux (Eskimo, q.v.), race of people.
  • Esquire, title.
  • Esquirol, Jean Étienne Dominique, French physician.
  • Esquiros, Henri Alphonse, French writer.
  • Ess, Johann Heinrich van, German theologian.
  • Essek, or Eszek, town, Hungary.
  • Essen, town, Prussia.
  • Essenes, Jewish sect.
  • Essex, county, England.
  • Essex, Walter Devereux, first earl of (Devereux line).
  • Essex, Robert Devereux, second earl of.
  • Essex, Robert Devereux, third earl of.
  • Esslingen, town, Würtemberg.
  • Estaing, Comte d’, French admiral.
  • Estate, in English law.
  • Estates of the Realm.
  • Este, town, Italy.
  • Este, Italian princely family.
  • Estella, town, Spain.
  • Estepa, town, Spain.
  • Estepona, town, Spain.
  • Esterhazy (Eszterházy, q.v.), Hungarian family.
  • Esther, of Scripture.
  • Esthonia, province, Russia.
  • Estienne, or Stephens (q.v.), family of French printers.
  • Estoppel, in law.
  • Estremadura, province, Portugal.
  • Estremadura, old province, Spain.
  • Estremoz, town, Portugal.
  • Eszek, or Essek, town, Hungary.
  • Eszterházy, Hungarian family.
  • Etah, district and town, India.
  • Étampes, or Estampes, town, France.
  • Etawah, district and town, India.
  • Etchmiadzin, Edchmiadzin, or Itsmiadsin, town and monastery, Transcaucasia, Russia.
  • Eteocles, mythical king of Thebes.
  • Ethelbert, or Æthelberht, king of Kent, England.
  • Ethelred or Æthelred II., early English king.
  • Ethelwulf, or Æthelwulf, Saxon king of England.
  • Ether, in chemistry.
  • Ether, or Æther, in interstellar space.
  • Etheredge, Sir George, English dramatist.
  • Etheredge, John Wesley, Biblical writer.
  • Ethics.
    • Contents.
  • Ethiopia, or Æthiopia.
  • Ethnography and Ethnology.
    • Index.
  • Etna, volcano, Sicily.
  • Eton, town and college, England.
  • Etruria, Italy.
  • Ettlingen, town, Germany.
  • Ettmuller, Ernst Moriz Ludwig, German philologist.
  • Ettmuller, Michael, German physician.
  • Etty, William, English painter.
  • Eu, town, France.
  • Eubœa, island, Greece.
  • Eubulides, Greek philosopher.
  • Eucalyptus, genus of trees.
  • Eucharist, or Lord’s Supper.
  • Euchre, card game.
  • Euclid, Greek mathematician.
  • Euclid of Megara, Greek philosopher.
  • Eudocia, wife of Theodosius II.
  • Eudocia Augusta, wife of Constantine XI.
  • Eudoxus of Cnidus, Greek philosopher.
  • Eudoxus of Cyzicus, Greek navigator.
  • Eugene, François, prince of Savoy, Austrian general.
  • Eugenius, popes.
  • Eugubine or Iguvine Tables, with Umbrian inscriptions.
  • Eulenspiegel, German chapbook.
  • Euler, Leonard, Swiss mathematician.
  • Eumenes, general of Alexander of Macedon.
  • Eumenides, or Erinyes (q.v.), the Furies, in mythology.
  • Eunapius, Greek sophist and historian.
  • Eunomius, Arian heretic.
  • Eunuch.
  • Eupatoria, town, Russia.
  • Eupen, town, Rhenish Prussia.
  • Euphorbium, resin.
  • Euphorion, Greek poet and grammarian.
  • Euphranor, Greek painter and sculptor.
  • Euphrates, river, Syria.
  • Eupion, paraffin hydrocarbon.
  • Eupolis, Greek poet and dramatist.
  • Eupompus, Greek painter.
  • Eure, department, France.
  • Eure-et-Loire, department, France.
  • Euripedes, Greek dramatist.
  • Europa, in Greek mythology.
  • Europe.
    • Index.
  • Eurydice, wife of Orpheus (q.v.), in Greek legend.
  • Eurymedon, Athenian general.
  • Eurystheus (See Hercules).
  • Eusebius of Cæsarea, ecclesiastical historian.
  • Eusebius of Emesa, ecclesiastic, Greek Church.
  • Eusebius of Nicomedia, defender of Arius.
  • Eustathius, St, bishop of Berœa.
  • Eustathius, archbishop of Thessalonica.
  • Euterpe, Muse of lyric poetry.
  • Eutropius, Roman historian.
  • Eutyches, founder of Eutychian sect.
  • Euyuk, or Üyük, village and ruins, Turkey in Asia.
  • Evagoras, king of Salamis.
  • Evagrius, ecclesiastical historian.
  • Evander, in Roman legend.
  • Evangelical Alliance.
  • Evangelical Association, American.
  • Evangelical Union, Scottish religious denomination.
  • Evans, Sir De Lacy, British general.
  • Evans, Oliver, American mechanician.
  • Evanson, Edward, theological writer.
  • Evansville, town, Indiana, U.S.A.
  • Evaporation.
  • Eve, of Scripture.
  • Evelyn, John, English diarist.
  • Evemerus, or Euhemerus, Greek mythographer.
  • Everdingen, Allart von, Dutch painter.
  • Everest, Sir George, British surveyor and geographer.
  • Everett, Alexander Hill, American writer and diplomatist.
  • Everett, Edward, American politician and orator.
  • Evesham, town, England.
  • Evidence, in law.
  • Evolution.
    • Evolution in Biology.
    • Evolution in Philosophy.
    • Index.
  • Evora, town, Portugal.
  • Évreux, town, France.
  • Ewald, Heinrich Georg August von, German theologian.
  • Ewald, Johannes, Danish poet.
  • Ewing, Alexander, Scottish bishop.
  • Examinations.
  • Exarch.
  • Excambion, in Scots law.
  • Exchange, in law & commerce.
  • Exchequer, The English.
  • Excise, form of taxation.
  • Excommunication.
  • Executors, in English law.
  • Exelmans, Reny Joseph Isidore, French general.
  • Exeter, town, England.
  • Exhibitions, National and International.
  • Exmouth, town, England.
  • Exmouth, Viscount.
  • Exodus, Book of (See Pentateuch).
  • Exorcism, casting out evil spirits.
  • Expiation, Day of, Jewish.
  • Explosives.
  • Extradition, in law.
  • Extreme Unction, sacrament, Church of Rome.
  • Eyck, Van, family of Flemish painters.
  • Eye.
    • Physical Causes of Vision.
    • Optical Arrangements of the Eye.
    • Specific Influence of Light on the Retina.
    • Sensations of Colour.
    • The Movements of the Eye.
    • The Psychical Relations of Visual Perceptions.
  • Ezekiel, Old Testament prophet.
  • Ezra, or Esdras, of Scripture.
  • Ezra, Book of.
  • F, the sixth letter of the alphabet.
  • Faber, Basil, German schoolmaster and theologian.
  • Faber, Cecilia Böhl von (Fernan Caballero), Spanish novelist.
  • Faber, Frederick Wilhelm, English hymn-writer.
  • Faber, George Stanley, English divine.
  • Faber, or Lefèvre, Jacobus, early French Protestant writer.
  • Faber, or Lefèvre, Johann, anti-Protestant writer.
  • Fabian Gens, Roman clan.
  • Fabius Maximus Verrucosus, Quintus, surnamed Cunctator, Roman general.
  • Fabius Pictor, Quintus, Roman historian.
  • Fable, Fables.
  • Fabre d’Églantine, French dramatist and Revolutionist.
  • Fabretti, Raphael, Italian antiquary.
  • Fabriano, town, Italy.
  • Fabriano, Gentile Da, Italian painter.
  • Fabricius, Caius Luscinus, Roman general and consul.
  • Fabricius, George, German poet and archæologist.
  • Fabricius, Hieronymus, Italian anatomist.
  • Fabricius, Joannes Albertus, German bibliographer.
  • Fabricius, Johann Christian, Danish naturalist.
  • Fabroni, Angelo, Italian biographer.
  • Fabrot, Charles Annibal, French jurisconsult.
  • Fabyan, Robert, English chronicler.
  • Facciolati, Jacopo, Italian philologist.
  • Factor, in mercantile law.
  • Factory Acts.
  • Faculty, in law & in universities.
  • Faenza, town, Italy.
  • Fæsulæ (Fiesole, q.v.), ancient town, Etruria.
  • Fahlcrantz, Christian Erik, Swedish poet.
  • Fahrenheit, Gabriel Daniel, German physicist.
  • Fair, Fairs.
  • Fairbairn, Sir William, engineer.
  • Fairfax, Edward, English poet.
  • Fairfax, Lord, Parliamentary general.
  • Fairfield, town, Connecticut, U.S.A.
  • Fairholt, Frederick William, English antiquary.
  • Fairy, Fairies.
  • Faithorne, William (d. 1691), English painter and engraver.
  • Faithorne, William (d. 1686), English mezzotint engraver.
  • Faizabad, division, district, and town.
  • Fakir (Dervish, q.v.), member of Mohammedan religious order.
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