< Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition
Volume IX
Falaba — Fyzabad
Fa – Fe Fi – Fl Fo Fr – Fy
  • Falaba, town, West Africa.
  • Falaise, town, France.
  • Falashas, Jews of Abyssinia.
  • Falcon, bird.
  • Falcone, Aniello, Italian painter.
  • Falconer, Hugh, English naturalist.
  • Falconer, William, English poet.
  • Falconet, Étienne Maurice, French sculptor.
  • Falconry.
  • Falerii, ancient town, Etruria.
  • Falernus Ager, district, ancient Italy.
  • Faliero, Marino, doge of Venice.
  • Falk, Johann Daniel, German writer and philanthropist.
  • Falke, Johann Friedrich Gottlieb, German historian.
  • Falkirk, town, Scotland.
  • Falkland, town, Scotland.
  • Falkland, Viscount (Sir Lucius Cory, q.v.).
  • Falkland Islands, South Atlantic.
  • Fallmerayer, Jakob Philipp, German ethnologist and historian.
  • Fallopius, or Fallopio, Gabriello, Italian anatomist.
  • Fall River, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
  • Falmouth, town, England.
  • False Point, harbour, Orissa, India.
  • Falster, island, Denmark.
  • Falun, or Fahlun, town, Sweden.
  • Famagosta, town, Cyprus (q.v.).
  • Family.
  • Famines.
  • Fan.
  • Fano, town, Italy.
  • Fanshawe, Sir Richard, English poet and statesman.
  • Faraday, Michael, English physicist.
  • Farce (See Drama).
  • Fareham, town, England.
  • Farel, Guillaume, French Reformer.
  • Faria y Sousa, Manoel de, Portuguese historian and poet.
  • Faridkot, state, North-Western India.
  • Faridpur, or Furreedpore, district, British India.
  • Farina, or Porto Farina, town, Tunis.
  • Farinato, Paolo, Italian painter.
  • Farinelli (Carlo Broschi), Italian singer.
  • Farini, Luigi Carlo, Italian physician, statesman, and historian.
  • Farmer, Hugh, English theologian.
  • Farmer, Richard, Shakespearean commentator.
  • Farnabie, or Farnaby, Thomsa, English schoolmaster.
  • Farnese, noble Italian family.
  • Farnham, town, England.
  • Faro, town, Portugal.
  • Faroe Islands, North Sea.
  • Farquhar, George, English dramatist.
  • Farragut, David Glascoe, American admiral.
  • Farrakhabad (Furruckabad), district and town, India.
  • Farrant, Richard, English musical composer.
  • Fars, or Farsistan, province, Persia.
  • Fasano, town, Italy.
  • Fasti, Roman calendars and chronicles.
  • Fasting, religious discipline.
  • Fasting, Claus, Danish poet.
  • Fastes, in classical mythology.
  • Fathers of the Church.
  • Fathipur (Futtehpoor), district and town, India.
  • Fathipur Sikri, town, India.
  • Fatima, daughter of Muhammed.
  • Fattore, Il (Gianfrancesco Penni, q.v.), Italian painter.
  • Faucher, Léon, French political economist.
  • Fauchet, Claude, historian and antiquary (1539–1601).
  • Fauchet, Claude, Abbé, Girondist (1744–1793).
  • Faujas de Saint-Fond, Barthélemi, French naturalist.
  • Faun, in classical mythology.
  • Fauriel, Charles Claude, French historian and critic.
  • Faust (Fust, q.v.), family of German printers.
  • Faustina, Annia, wife of Marcus Aurelius.
  • Faustus, or Faust, in mediæval legend.
  • Favara, town, Sicily.
  • Favart, Charles Simon, French dramatist.
  • Faversham, or Feversham, town, England.
  • Favorinus, Greek sophist.
  • Fawkes, Francis, English poet.
  • Fawkes, Guy, Gunpowder Plot conspirator.
  • Faxardo (See Saavedra).
  • Fay, Andras, Hungarian poet.
  • Fayal, island, Azores (q.v.).
  • Fayetteville, town, North Carolina, U.S.A.
  • Fayoum, or Feiyoom, district and lake, Egypt (q.v.).
  • Fea, Carlo, Italian archæologist.
  • Fearne, Charles, English jurist.
  • Feast-Days (See Festivals).
  • Feathers.
  • February, month.
  • Fécamp, town, France.
  • Feckenham, or Fecknam, John de, abbot of Westminster.
  • Fedchenko, Alexis Paulowitch, Russian naturalist.
  • Federal Government.
  • Federici, Camillo, Italian dramatist.
  • Fee, in English law.
  • Fehmic Courts (Fehmgerichte), Germany.
  • Feitama, Sybrand, Dutch writer.
  • Feith, Rhijnvis, Dutch poet.
  • Fejér, Gyorgy, Hungarian writer.
  • Feldkirch, town, Vorarlberg, Austria.
  • Felegyhaza, town, Hungary.
  • Félibien, André, French architect and historiographer.
  • Félibien, Dom Michel, French historian.
  • Felix, various popes.
  • Felix of Urgel, Adoptianist (See Adoption Controversy).
  • Felix of Valois, founder of order of Trinitarians.
  • Felix, Antonius, procurator of Judæa.
  • Felix, Minucius (Minucius Felix, q.v.).
  • Fell, John, bishop of Oxford.
  • Fellatahs, or Foulahs, people, Africa (q.v.).
  • Fellenberg, Philipp Emanuel von, Swiss educationist.
  • Feller, François Xavier de, Belgian writer.
  • Fellows, Sir Charles, English traveller and antiquary.
  • Felo de Se, in law.
  • Felony, in law.
  • Felt, fabric of matted fibres.
  • Feltham, Owen, English moralist.
  • Feltre, town, Italy.
  • Feltre, Morto da, Italian painter.
  • Fencing, in gymnastics.
  • Fénelon, Bertrand de Salignac, French diplomatist.
  • Fénelon, François de Salignac, archbishop of Cambray.
  • Fennians, or Fenians.
  • Fennel, plant.
  • Fenton, Elijah, English poet.
  • Fenton, Sir Gregory, English statesman and writer.
  • Fenugreek, herb.
  • Feoffment, in English law.
  • Ferdinand, the name.
  • Ferdinand I., emperor.
  • Ferdinand II., emperor.
  • Ferdinand III., emperor.
  • Ferdinand I., emperor of Austria.
  • Ferdinand I., king of Naples.
  • Ferdinand II., king of Naples.
  • Ferdinand III., of Naples (V. of Castile, q.v.).
  • Ferdinand IV., of Naples (I. of Two Sicilies).
  • Ferdinand II., of the Two Sicilies.
  • Ferdinand, king of Portugal.
  • Ferdinand I., king of Aragon and Sicily.
  • Ferdinand II., of Aragon (V. of Castile, q.v.).
  • Ferdinand I., the Great, king of Castile.
  • Ferdinand II., of Leon.
  • Ferdinand III., St, of Castile and Leon.
  • Ferdinand IV., of Castile and Leon.
  • Ferdinand V., of Castile.
  • Ferdinand VI., king of Spain.
  • Ferdinand VII., of Spain.
  • Ferdinand I. & II., grand-dukes of Tuscany (See Medici).
  • Ferdinand III., of Tuscany.
  • Ferdinand, duke of Brunswick.
  • Ferentino (the ancient Ferentinum), town, Italy.
  • Ferento, town, Italy.
  • Ferghana, province, Russian Turkestan.
  • Ferguson, Adam, Scottish philosopher and historian.
  • Ferguson, James, English merchanst and astronomer.
  • Fergusson, Robert, Scottish poet.
  • Fergusson, Sir William, Scottish poet.
  • Ferid-eddin-Athar (Farid-uddin-Attar), Persian mystic poet.
  • Ferishta, Mohammed Kasim, Persian historian.
  • Fermanagh, county, Ireland.
  • Fermat, Pierre de, French mathematician.
  • Fermenation.
  • Fermo, town, Italy.
  • Fermoy, town, Ireland.
  • Fernan Caballero (Cecilia Böhl von Faber, q.v.), Spanish novelist.
  • Fernandez, Alvaro, Portuguese explorer.
  • Fernandez, Diego, Spanish adventurer and historian.
  • Fernandez, Joam, Portuguese traveller.
  • Fernandez, Juan, Spanish adventurer.
  • Fernandez, Juan, Spanish navigator.
  • Fernando de Noronha, islands, South Atlantic.
  • Fernando Po, island, West Africa.
  • Fernel, Jean François, French physician.
  • Fernow, Karl Ludwig, German art critic and archæologist.
  • Fern, Ferns, group of plants.
  • Ferozepore (Firozpur, q.v.), district, India.
  • Ferrand, Comte, French statesman and writer.
  • Ferrara, town, Italy.
  • Ferrari Gaudenzio, Italian painter.
  • Ferreira, Antonio, Portuguese poet.
  • Ferret, albino variety of the polecat.
  • Ferri, Ciro, Italian painter.
  • Ferrier, James Frederick, Scottish metaphysician.
  • Ferrier, Susan Edmonston, Scottish novelist.
  • Ferro, or Hierro, island, Canaries (q.v.).
  • Ferrol, town, Spain.
  • Ferry, Law relating to.
  • Fersen, Axel, Count, Swedish general.
  • Fesca, Frederic Ernest, German musical composer.
  • Fesch, Joseph, French cardinal.
  • Fessler, Ignatz Aurelius, Hungarian ecclesiastic and writer.
  • Festivals.
  • Festus, Sextus Pompeius, Latin grammarian.
  • Festichism.
  • Fétis, François Joseph, Belgian writer and musical composer.
  • Feu, in Scots Law.
  • Feuchtersleben, Edonard, Freiherr von, Austrian medical writer.
  • Feudalism, Feudal System.
  • Feuerbach, Ludwig Andreas, German philosopher.
  • Feuerbach, Paul Johann Anselm, German jurist.
  • Feuilleton, of French newspaper.
  • Fever.
  • Feydeau, Ernest-Aimé, French writer.
  • Fez, town, Morocco.
  • Fezzan, country, Africa.
  • Fiacre, St, French hermit.
  • Fiars Prices, in Scots law.
  • Fibres, Textile.
  • Fibrin, albuminoid substance.
  • Fichte, Johann Gottleib, German metaphysician.
  • Fichtelgebirge, mountain range, Bavaria.
  • Ficino, Marsilio, Italian philosopher.
  • Fictions, in law.
  • Fidenæ (Castello Giubileo), ancient town, Italy.
  • Field, John, English musical composer and pianist.
  • Field, Nathan, English dramatist.
  • Fieldfare, bird.
  • Fielding, Copley, English painter.
  • Fielding, Henry, English novelist.
  • Fieri Facias, in English law.
  • Fieschi, Joseph Marie, Genoese conspirator.
  • Fiesco [de' Fieschi], Giovanni Luigi, Genoese conspirator.
  • Fiesole, town, Italy.
  • Fiesole, Fra Giovanni Angelico da, Italian painter.
  • Fife, musical instrument (See Flute).
  • Fife, county, Scotland.
  • Fifth Monarchy Men, Puritan sect.
  • Fig, tree and fruit.
  • Figaro, dramatic character & Paris newspaper.
  • Figeac, town, France.
  • Figueras, town, Spain.
  • Fiji Islands, South Pacific.
  • Filangieri, Carlo, Italian general.
  • Filangieri, Gaetano, Italian publicist.
  • Filbert, tree and nut (See Hazel).
  • File, steel tool.
  • File-Fish & Trigger-Fish.
  • Filelfo, Francesco, Italian scholar.
  • Filibuster, buccaneer.
  • Filicaia, Vincenzo da, Italian poet.
  • Filigree, jewel work of threads and beads.
  • Filippino Lippi, Italian painter (See Lippi).
  • Filan, St, Scottish saint.
  • Fillmore, Millard, president of the United States.
  • Films, Liquid, in capillary action (q.v.), & Sensitive, in photography (See Optics).
  • Filmer, Sir Robert, English political writer.
  • Filter, apparatus for purifying liquids.
  • Finale dell'Emilia, town, Italy.
  • Finance.
  • Finch, bird.
  • Finch, Daniel & Heneage, earls of Nottingham (q.v.).
  • Finck, Heinrich, German composer.
  • Finck, Hermann, German musical writer.
  • Finden, William, English engraver.
  • Fine, in law.
  • Fine Arts, The.
  • Fingal, Celtic hero.
  • Fini, Tommaso (Masolino, q.v.), Italian painter.
  • Finiguerra, Maso, Italian engraver.
  • Finistère, department, France.
  • Finland, province, Russia.
  • Finlay, George, English historian of Greece.
  • Fiorenzuola, town, Italy.
  • Fiorillo, Johann Dominicus, German painter and historian of art.
  • Fir, coniferous tree.
  • Firdousi, or Firdausi, Persian people.
  • Fire, element.
  • Fire, Fires, Destructive.
  • Fire-Clay, Fire-Bricks.
  • Firenzuola, Agnolo, Italian poet.
  • Fireworks (See Pyrotechny).
  • Firmicius, Maternus Julius, Latin writer.
  • Firozpur, district & town, India.
  • Fischart, Johannes, German satirist.
  • Fisher, John, bishop of Rochester.
  • Fisheries, Sea.
    • ...
    • Law relating to Fisheries.
  • Fish, Fishes (See Ichthyology & Pisciculture).
  • Fishing-Frog, fish.
  • Fistula, in surgery.
  • Fitch, John, American steamboat inventor.
  • Fitch, Ralph, English traveller.
  • Fitchburg, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
  • Fitzgerald, Lord Edward, leader of the United Irishmen.
  • Fitzgerald, Lord Thomas, Irish leader.
  • Fitzherbert, Sir Anthony, English judge.
  • Fitzroy, Robert, English admiral, hydrographer, and meteorologist.
  • Fitzstephen, William, English historian.
  • Fiume, town, Hungary.
  • Fives, game.
  • Fives, town, France.
  • Fix, Theodore, French political economist.
  • Fixtures, in law.
  • Flaccus, Caius Valerius, Roman poet.
  • Flacius, Matthias, German theologian.
  • Flacourt, Étienne de, French governor of Madagascar.
  • Flag, Flags, Military and naval.
  • Flagellants, self-chastising fraternities.
  • Flageolet, musical instrument (See Flute).
  • Flahaut de la Billarderie, Auguste C. J., Comte de, French general and diplomatist.
  • Flambard, Ranulph or Ralph, bishop of Durham.
  • Flame.
  • Flamel, Nicolas, French alchemist.
  • Flamen, Roman priest.
  • Flamingo, bird.
  • Flamininus, Titus Quinctius, Roman general and statesman.
  • Flaminius, Caius, Roman consul (223 b.c.).
  • Flaminius, Caius, Roman consul (187 b.c.).
  • Flamsteed, John, English astronomer.
  • Flanders, countship, Netherlands.
  • Flandrin, Jean Hippolyte, French painter.
  • Flannel, woollen stuff.
  • Flatbush, town, Long Island, New York, U.S.A.
  • Flat-Fish.
  • Flavel, John, English theologian.
  • Flavian I., patriarch of Antioch.
  • Flavian II., patriarch of Antioch.
  • Flavian, patriarch of Constantinople.
  • Flavigny, Valérien, French Hebraist.
  • Flavin, dyestuff.
  • Flax, plant and fibre.
  • Flaxman, John.
  • Flea, insect.
  • Fléchier, Esprit, bishop of Nîmes, poet, and preacher.
  • Flecknoe, Richard, English poet and dramatist.
  • Fleetwood, town, England.
  • Fleetwood, Charles, lord deputy of Ireland.
  • Fleetwood, William, bishop of Ely.
  • Fleming, Paul, German poet.
  • Flemish Literature (See Holland).
  • Fleming, Richard, bishop of Lincoln.
  • Flensburg, town, Prussia.
  • Fletcher, Andrew, of Saltoun, Scottish politician.
  • Fletcher, Giles (1548–1610), English poet.
  • Fletcher, Giles (1584–1623), English writer.
  • Fletcher, John, English dramatist (See Beaumont and Fletcher).
  • Fletcher, Phineas, English poet.
  • Fleuranges, Robert de la Marck, Seigneur de, French marshal and historian.
  • Fleur-de-Lis, heraldic device.
  • Fleury, André Hercule de, French cardinal and statesman.
  • Fleury, Claude, French ecclesiastical historian.
  • Fliedner, Theodore, German philanthropist.
  • Flight, Laws of.
  • Flinck, Govert, Dutch painter.
  • Flinders, Matthew, English navigator.
  • Flint, mineral.
  • Flint, county, Wales.
  • Flint, Timothy, American divine and writer.
  • Flodoard, or Frodoart, French chronicler.
  • Flood, The (Deluge, q.v.), of Scripture.
  • Flood, Henry, Irish orator and politician.
  • Floor Cloth.
  • Flor, Roger di, military adventurer.
  • Flora, in Roman mythology.
  • Florence, town, Italy.
  • Florence of Worcester, English chronicler.
  • Flores, Endeh, or Mangeraai, island, Indian Archipelago.
  • Flores, island, Azores (q.v.), Atlantic.
  • Florez, Enrique, Spanish historian.
  • Florian, patron saint of Poland.
  • Florian, Jean Pierre Claris de, French poet and romanticist.
  • Florida, State, U.S.A.
  • Florida-Blanca, Count of, Spanish statesman.
  • Florio, Giovanni, English lexicographer and translator.
  • Floris, Frans, Flemish sculptor and painter.
  • Florus, Roman historian.
  • Flotsam, Jetsam, and Ligan, in English law.
  • Flounder, fish.
  • Flour, Manufacture of.
  • Flourens, Gustave, French communist and writer.
  • Flourens, Marie Jean Pierre, French physiologist.
  • Flowers, Artificial.
  • Floyer, Sir John, English physician and writer.
  • Fludd, Robert, English physician and mystic.
  • Flügel, Gustav Lebrecht, German Orientalist.
  • Flügel, Johann Gottfried, German lexicographer.
  • Flourine, chemical element.
  • Fluor Spar, or Fluorite, mineral.
  • Flushing, town, Holland.
  • Flushing, town, Long Island, New York, U.S.A.
  • Flute, musical instrument.
  • Fluxes, in smelting ores (See Metallurgy).
  • Fluxions, in mathematics (See Infinitesimal Calculus).
  • Fly (Diptera, q.v.), insect (q.v.).
  • Flycatcher, bird.
  • Flying and Flying Machines (See Flight).
  • Flying-Fish.
  • Flying-Fox.
  • Fogaras, town, Hungary.
  • Fogelberg, Benedict Erland, Swedish sculptor.
  • Foggia, town, Italy.
  • Foil, thin sheet-copper.
  • Foix, town, France.
  • Foix, Counts of.
  • Foix, Gaston de (See Nemours).
  • Foix, Paul de, French prelate and diplomatist.
  • Fokshan, town, Roumania.
  • Folard, Jean Charles de, French writer on tactics.
  • Foldvar, or Duna Foldvar, town, Hungary.
  • Folengo, Teofilo, Italian poet.
  • Foley, John Henry, British sculptor.
  • Foligno, or Fuligno, town, Italy.
  • Folkes, Martin, English antiquary.
  • Folkestone, town, England.
  • Folk-Land, or Folc-Land, in English law.
  • Folk-Lore.
  • Follen, August Ludwig, German poet.
  • Follen, Charles, German poet and theologian.
  • Follett, Sir William Webb, English lawyer.
  • Fonblanque, Albany William, English political writer.
  • Fond du Lac, town, Wisconsin, U.S.A.
  • Fondi, town, Italy.
  • Fontaine, Jean de la (La Fontaine, q.v.), French poet.
  • Fontaine, Pierre François Léonard, French architect.
  • Fontainebleau, town, France.
  • Fontana, Domenico, Italian architect.
  • Fontana, Lavinia, Italian painter.
  • Fontana, Prospero, Italian painter.
  • Fontanes, Louis, Marquis de, French poet.
  • Fontarabia (Fuenterrabia, q.v.), town, Spain.
  • Fontenay-le-Comte, town, France.
  • Fontenelle, Bernard le Bovier de, French writer.
  • Fontevrault, town, France.
  • Foo-Chow (Fuh-chow, q.v.), town, China.
  • Food (See Dietetics).
  • Football, game.
  • Foote, Samuel, English dramatist and actor.
  • Foppa Vincenzo, Italian painter.
  • Foraminifera.
  • Forbach, town, German Lorraine.
  • Forbes, Alexander Penrose, bishop of Brechin.
  • Forbes, David, English chemist and geologist.
  • Forbes, Duncan, of Culloden, Scottish lawyer and statesman.
  • Forbes, Edward, English naturalist.
  • Forbes, James David, Scottish natural philosopher.
  • Forbes, Sir John, physician and writer.
  • Forbin, Claude de, French naval commander.
  • Forcellini, Egidio, Italian philologist.
  • Forchhammer, Johan Georg, Danish mineralogist.
  • Forchheim, town, Bavaria.
  • Ford, John, English dramatist.
  • Ford, Richard, English writer on Spain.
  • Ford, Thomas, English musician.
  • Fordun, John of, Scottish historian.
  • Forests, Forest Administration.
  • Forfar, or Angus, county & town, Scotland.
  • Forge, for iron.
  • Forgery, in English law.
  • Forget-Me-Not, plant.
  • Forlì, town, Italy.
  • Forlì, Melozzo da, Italian painter.
  • Forlimpopoli, town, Italy.
  • Forman, Simon, English physician and astrologer.
  • Formey, Johann Heinrich Samuel, German writer.
  • Formia, town, Italy.
  • Formosa, island, China.
  • Formosus, Pope.
  • Forres (Elgin, q.v.).
  • Forskål, Peter, Swedish naturalist and philosopher.
  • Forst, town, Prussia.
  • Forster, François, French engraver.
  • Förster, Friedrich, German historian.
  • Forster, Johann Georg Adam, German naturalist.
  • Forster, John, English historian and critic.
  • Fort de France, town, Martinique, West Indies.
  • Fortescue, Sir John, English lawyer.
  • Forth, river, Scotland.
  • Fortification.
    • Elementary Fortification.
    • Field Fortification.
    • Permanent Fortification.
    • Systems of Permanent Fortification.
    • Polygonal or German System.
    • Armament of Fortresses.
    • Attack and Defense of Fortified Places.
    • Bastioned Systems of the Netherlands.
    • Methods of Bousmard, Carnot, Chasseloup, Dufour, Noizet, Haxo, and Choumara.
    • German System of Defence.
    • Entrenched Camps.
    • Fortification of Capitals.
    • Index.
  • Fortrose, town, Scotland.
  • Fortuna, Roman goddess.
  • Fortunate Islands (Canary Islands, q.v.).
  • Fortunatus, legendary hero.
  • Fortunatus, Venantius H. C., bishop of Poitiers, Latin poet.
  • Fort Wayne, town, Indiana, U.S.A.
  • Forum, at Rome.
  • Fosbroke, Thomas Dudley, English antiquary.
  • Foscari, Francesco, doge of Venice.
  • Foscarini, Marco, doge of Venice, historian.
  • Forscarini, Michele, Venetian historian.
  • Foscolo, Ugo, Italian writer.
  • Foss, Edward, English legal writer.
  • Fossano, town, Italy.
  • Fossano, Ambrogio Stefani da (Il Borgognone), Italian painter.
  • Fossombrone, town, Italy.
  • Fossombroni, Vittorio, Italian statesman and mathematician.
  • Foster, John, English essayist.
  • Foster, Stephen Collins, American song-writer.
  • Fothergill, John, English physician.
  • Foucault, Jean Bernard Léon, French physicist.
  • Fouché, Joseph, French minister of police.
  • Foucher, Simon, French sceptic.
  • Fougères, town, France.
  • Fould, Achille, French financier.
  • Foulis, Andrew and Robert, Scottish printers and publishers.
  • Founding, casting metal.
  • Foundling Hospitals.
  • Fountain, spring of water.
  • Fountains Abbey, Yorkshire, England (See Abbey).
  • Fouqué, Friedrich Heinrich Karl, Baron de la Motte, German writer.
  • Fouquet, Nicolas, French financier and statesman.
  • Fouquier-Tinville, Antoine Quentin, French Revolutionist.
  • Fourchambault, town, France.
  • Fourcroy, Antoine François, Comte de, French chemist.
  • Fourier, François Charles Marie, French socialist writer.
  • Fourier, Jean Baptiste Joseph, French mathematician and physicist.
  • Fourmont, Étienne, French Orientalist.
  • Fournier, Pierre Simon, French printer.
  • Fowl, Fowls, poultry.
  • Fowler, Charles, English architect.
  • Fowler, John, inventor of steam plough.
  • Fowler, William, Scottish poet.
  • Fownes, George, English chemist.
  • Fox, carnivorous mammal.
  • Fox, Charles James, English statesman.
  • Fox, George, founder of the Quakers.
  • Fox, Richard, bishop of Winchester.
  • Foxe, John, English martyrologist.
  • Foxglove (Digitalis, q.v.), plant.
  • Foy, Maximilien Sébastien, French general and politician.
  • Fraas, Karl Nikolas, German botanist.
  • Fra Bartolommeo (Baccio de la Porta, q.v.), Italian painter.
  • Fracastorio, Hieronymo, Italian physician and poet.
  • Fra Diavolo, Italian brigand.
  • Frähn, Christian Martin, German numismatist and Orientalist.
  • Framlingham, town, England.
  • Français, of Nantes, Count, French politician and writer.
  • Francavilla, town, Italy.
  • France.
    • Part I.—Geography and Statistics.
    • Part II.—History.
    • Part III.—French Language.
    • Part IV.—French Literature.
    • Index to Article France.
  • France, Isle of, or Mauritius (q.v.).
  • Francesca, Piero de' (Pietro della Francesca, q.v.), Italian painter.
  • Franceschini, Baldassare, Italian painter.
  • Franche Comté, province, France.
  • Franchise, in law.
  • Francia (Francesco Raibolini), Italian painter.
  • Francia, José Gaspar Rodriguez, dictator of Paraguay.
  • Franciabigio (Francesco di Cristofano), Italian painter.
  • Francis I., king of France.
  • Francis II., of France.
  • Francis I., emperor.
  • Francis, St, of Assisi, founder of the Franciscan order.
  • Francis Borgia, St, general of the Jesuits.
  • Francis, St, of Paola, founder of order of Minims.
  • Francis, St, of Sales, devotional writer.
  • Francis, Sir Philip, English politician and writer.
  • Franciscans, monastic order.
  • Francisque (Jean François Millet), French painter.
  • Franck, the name.
  • Franck, or Frank, Sebastian, German writer.
  • Francke, August Hermann, German philanthropist and theologian.
  • Francken, family of Flemish painters.
  • François de Neufchâteau, Nicolas Louis, Count, French statesman and poet.
  • Franconia, territorial division, Germany.
  • Franeker, town, Holland.
  • Frankenberg, town, Saxony.
  • Frankenhausen, town, Germany.
  • Frankenstein, town, Prussia.
  • Frankenthal, town, Bavaria.
  • Frankfort, town, Kentucky, U.S.A.
  • Frankfort-on-the-Main, town, Germany.
  • Frankfort-on-the-Oder, town, Prussia.
  • Frankincense, or Olibanum, gum-resin.
  • Franklin (Freehold, q.v.).
  • Franklin, Benjamin, American statesman and philosopher.
  • Franklin, Sir John, Arctic explorer.
  • Franks, Germanic people.
  • Franzén, Frans Michael, Swedish poet.
  • Franzensbad, watering-place, Bohemia.
  • Frascati, town, Italy.
  • Fraser, James Baillie, Scottish traveller and writer.
  • Fraser, Simon, Lord Lovat (q.v.), Scottish Jacobite.
  • Fraserburgh, town, Scotland.
  • Fratricelli, or Fraticelli, mediæval sects.
  • Fraud, in law.
  • Frauenburg, town, Prussia.
  • Frauenfeld, town, Switzerland.
  • Frauenlob (Heinrich von Meissen), German poet.
  • Fraunhofer, Joseph von, German optician.
  • Fraustadt, town, Prussia.
  • Frayssinous, Denis Antoine Luc, Comte de, French ecclesiastic and politician.
  • Fredericia, town, Denmark.
  • Frederick (Friedrich), German name.
  • Frederick I., Barbarossa, emperor and German king.
  • Frederick II., emperor and German king.
  • Frederick III., German king.
  • Frederick IV., German king (emperor Frederick III.).
  • Frederick William, elector of Brandenburg.
  • Frederick I., king of Prussia.
  • Frederick William I., king of Prussia.
  • Frederick II., the Great, of Prussia.
  • Frederick William II., of Prussia.
  • Frederick William III., of Prussia.
  • Frederick William IV., of Prussia.
  • Frederick I., elector and duke of Saxony.
  • Frederick II., of Saxony.
  • Frederick III., of Saxony.
  • Frederick Augustus I. (Augustus II. of Poland, q.v.), elector of Saxony.
  • Frederick Augustus II. (Augustus III. of Poland, q.v.), elector of Saxony.
  • Frederick Augustus I., king of Saxony.
  • Frederick Augustus II., king of Saxony.
  • Frederick I., elector palatine.
  • Frederick II., elector palatine.
  • Frederick III., elector palatine.
  • Frederick IV., elector palatine.
  • Frederick V., elector palatine and king of Bohemia.
  • Frederick City, town, Maryland, U.S.A.
  • Fredericksburg, town, Virginia, U.S.A.
  • Frederickshald, town, Norway.
  • Frederickstad, town, Norway.
  • Fredericton, town, New Brunswick.
  • Free Church of Scotland.
  • Freehold, in English law.
  • Free Imperial Cities, of Germany.
  • Freemasonry.
  • Freeport, town, Illinois, U.S.A.
  • Freetown, town, Sierra Leone, West Africa.
  • Free Trade.
  • Freewill Baptists.
  • Freiberg, town, Saxony.
  • Freiburg, canton, Switzerland.
  • Freiburg (Freiburg in the Breisgau), town, Baden, Germany.
  • Freiburg, town, Prussian Silesia.
  • Freidank, or Freigedank, German poet.
  • Freiligrath, Ferdinand, German poet.
  • Freind, John, English physician and author.
  • Freire, Francisco Joze, Portuguese historian and philologist.
  • Freischütz, in German folklore.
  • Freising, town, Bavaria.
  • Freiwaldau, town, Austrian Silesia.
  • Frejus, town, France.
  • Fremont, town, Ohio, U.S.A.
  • French, Nicholas, Irish pamphleteer.
  • Frere, John Hookham, English diplomatist and writer.
  • Fréret, Nicolas, French scholar.
  • Fréron, Élie Catherine, French critic and controversialist.
  • Fréron, Louis Stanislas, French Revolutionist.
  • Fresco.
  • Frescobaldi, Girolamo, Italian musical composer.
  • Fresnel, Augustin Jean, French physicist.
  • Fresnillo, town, Mexico.
  • Fresnoy, Charles Alphonse du, French painter and writer.
  • Freudenstadt, town, Würtemberg, Germany.
  • Freudenthal, town, Austrian Silesia.
  • Freya, or Frigga, in Teutonic mythology.
  • Freycinet, Louis Claude Desaulses de, French navigator.
  • Freytag, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, German Orientalist.
  • Friar, member of mendicant order.
  • Fribourg (Freiburg, q.v.), canton, Switzerland.
  • Friction, in physics.
  • Friedland, town, Bohemia.
  • Friedland, town, Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Germany.
  • Friedland, town, Prussia.
  • Friedland, Valentin (Trotzendorf, q.v.), German educationist.
  • Friendly Islands, South Pacific.
  • Friendly Societies.
  • Friends, Society of (Quakers, q.v.).
  • Fries, Elias Magnus, Swedish botanist.
  • Fries, Jacob Friedrich, German philosopher.
  • Friesland, province, Holland.
  • Frigate-Bird.
  • Frischlin, Nicodemus, German scholar and poet.
  • Frisi, Paolo, Italian mathematician and astronomer.
  • Frisians, ancient Teutonic people.
  • Frith, or Fryth, John, early English Reformer.
  • Fritzlar, town, Prussia.
  • Friuli, district, Austria and Italy.
  • Froben, or Frobenius, Joannes, German printer and scholar.
  • Frobisher, Sir Martin, English navigator.
  • Froebel, Friedrich Wilhelm August, German educationist.
  • Frog, amphibian.
  • Fröhlich, Abraham Emanuel, German-Swiss poet.
  • Froissart, Jean, French chronicler.
  • Fromentin, Eugène, French painter.
  • Fronde, War of the, in France (q.v. and Condé).
  • Frontinus, Sextus Julius, Roman soldier and writer.
  • Fronto, Marcus Cornelius, Roman grammarian.
  • Frosinone, town, Italy.
  • Frost, William Edward, English painter.
  • Frost-Bite (See Mortification).
  • Frugoni, Carlo Innocenzo, Italian poet.
  • Frumentius, early Christian missionary and first bishop of Abyssinia.
  • Fruytiers, Philip, Flemish painter.
  • Fry, or Gurney, Elizabeth, English philanthropist.
  • Fuad Pasha, Mehmed, Turkish statesman and author.
  • Fuchs, or Fux (q.v.), Johann Joseph, Austrian musical composer.
  • Fuchs, Johann Nepomuk von, German chemist and mineralogist.
  • Fuchs, Leonhard, German physician and botanist.
  • Fuchsia, plant.
  • Fuel.
  • Fuente de Cantos, town, Spain.
  • Fuente del Maestre, town, Spain.
  • Fuenterrabia (Fontarabia), town, Spain.
  • Fuero, Spanish legal charter and code.
  • Fugger, Swabian family, Germany.
  • Fuh-Chow, or Fuh-Chow Foo (Foo Chow), town, China.
  • Führich, Joseph von, Austrian painter.
  • Fulda, monastery and town, Germany.
  • Fulham, suburb of London.
  • Fuller, Andrew, English Baptist divine.
  • Fuller, Sarah Margaret (Marchioness Ossoli, q.v.), American writer.
  • Fuller, Thomas, English divine and historian.
  • Fuller's Earth.
  • Fulmar, bird.
  • Fulton, Robert, American engineer.
  • Fumitory, plant.
  • Funchal, town, Madeira (q.v.).
  • Function, in mathematical analysis.
  • Funds, national debt (q.v.).
  • Funen, island, Denmark (q.v.).
  • Funeral Rites.
  • Fünfhaus, suburb of Vienna.
  • Fünfkirchen, town, Hungary.
  • Fungus, Fungi, division of the vegetable kingdom.
  • Fur.
  • Fureedpore (Faridpur, q.v.).
  • Furetière, Antoine, French lexicographer.
  • Furies (the Greek Erinyes), in Latin mythology.
  • Furnace.
  • Furniture.
  • Furruckabad (Farrakharad, q.v.), district, India.
  • Fürst, Julius, German Orientalist.
  • Fürstenberg, two noble German families.
  • Fürstenwalde, town, Prussia.
  • Fürth, town, Bavaria.
  • Furze, Gorse, or Whin, shrub.
  • Fuseli, Henry, Swiss painter and writer.
  • Fusel Oil.
  • Fust, Johann, early German printer.
  • Fustian, cloth.
  • Fustic, or Yellow Wood, dyestuff.
  • Futtehpoor (Fathipur, q.v.), district and town, India.
  • Fux, Johann Joseph, Austrian musical composer.
  • Fyt, Johannes, Flemish painter.
  • Fyzabad (Faizabad, q.v.), division and district, India.
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