​GRAY, the chief town of an arrondissement in the department of Haute-Saone, is situated on the declivity of a hill on the left bank of the Saone, 37 miles S.W. of Vesoul by rail. Its streets are narrow and steep, but it possesses broad and beautiful quays, and the Alice des Capucins is a fine promenade. The principal buildings are the old castle of the duke of Burgundy, the church in the style of the Renaissance, the communal college (with a library of 15,000 volumes and a natural history museum), the theatre, and the barracks. The town possesses very large flour-mills, and among the other industries are ship building, dyeing, tanning, haircloth-weaving, plaster-cast ing, and the manufacture of machinery, oils, and starch. There is also a considerable trade in iron, corn, provisions, vegetables, wine, and wood. The population in 1876 was 7305. Gray was founded in the 7th century. Its former

1 When the approximation is carried sufficiently far it is found that the coefficient of the variation is 39 30".

defensive works were destroyed by Louis XIV. in 1688. During the Franco-Prussian war General von Werder con centrated his army corps in the town, and held it for a month, making it the point d apjnd of movements towards Dijon and Langres, as well as towards Besancon.