​HUFELAND, GOTTLIEB (1760-1817), German economist and jurist, was born at Dantzig on the 19th of October 1760. He as educated at the gymnasium of his native town, and completed his university studies at Leipzig and Gottingen. He graduated at Jena, and in 1788 was there appointed to an extraordinary professorship. Five years later he was made ordinary professor. His lectures on natural law, in which he developed with great acuteness and skill the formal principles of the Kantian theory of legislation, attracted a large audience, and contributed to raise to its height the fame of the university of Jena, then unusually rich in able teachers. In 1803, after the secession of many of his colleagues from ]ena, Hufeland accepted a call to Wurzburg, from which, after but a brief tenure of a professorial chair, he proceeded to Landshut. From 1808 to 1812 he acted as burgomaster in his native town of Dantrig Returning to Landshut, he lived there till 1816, when he uas invited to Halle, where he died on the 25th of Februarv 181;

Hufeland works on the theory of legislation-Vervnc/1 uber den (Jrundrotz Naturrcchts (1785); Le/zrbuch des Naturrechts (1790); Instttutzoneu des gesammten posztwen Rechts (1798), and Lehrbuch der Gesc/1 zchte und Encyclopadw aller tn Deutschland geltenden posztwen Rechte (1790), are distinguished by precision of statement and clearness of deduction They form on the whole the best commentary upon Kant's Rechtslehre, the principles of which they carry out in detail, and apply to the discussion of positive laws. In political economy Hufeland's chief work 18 the Neue Grundlegunig der Staotszvzrthsr/zeftskunst (2 vols., 1807 and 1813), the second volume of which has the special title, Lehre vom Gelde und Geldumlaufe The principles of this vsork are for the most part those of Adam Smith! Wealth of Natzons, which were then begmning to be accepted and rlutloped in German;; but both in his treatment of fundamental notions, such as economic good and value, and in details, such as the theorv of money, Hufeland's treatment has a certain originality. Two points in particular seem deserving of notice. Hufeland was the first among German economists to point out the profit of the entrepreneur as a distinct species of revenue with laws peculiar to itself He also tends towards, though he does not explicitly state, the view that rent is a general term applicable to all payments resulting from differences of degree among productive forces of the same order. Thus the superior gain of a specially gifted Workman or specially skilled em ~loyer is in time assimilated to the payment for a natural agency ofimore than the minimum efficiency

See Roscher, Geschtchte der Nntzonalokonomzk zn Deulsfhland, 654 6 2.