1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calendar

CALENDAR, so called from the Roman Calends or Kalends, a method of distributing time into certain periods adapted to the purposes of civil life, as hours, days, weeks, months, years, etc.

Sections

TABLE XII.—Epochs, Eras, and Periods.

Name.	Christian Date of Commencement.
Grecian Mundane era	1 Sep. 5598 B.C.
Civil era of Constantinople	1 Sep. 5508 "
Alexandrian era	29 Aug. 5502 "
Ecclesiastical era of Antioch	1 Sep. 5492 "
Julian Period	1 Jan. 4713 "
Mundane era	Oct. 4008 "
Jewish Mundane era	Oct. 3761 "
Era of Abraham	1 Oct. 2015 "
Era of the Olympiads	1 July 776 "
Roman era	24 April 753 "
Era of Nabonassar	26 Feb. 747 "
Metonic Cycle	15 July 432 "
Grecian or Syro-Macedonian era	1 Sep. 312 "
Tyrian era	19 Oct. 125 "

Name.	Christian Date of Commencement.
Sidonian era	Oct. 110 B.C.
Caesarean era of Antioch	1 Sep. 48 "
Julian year	1 Jan. 45 "
Spanish era	1 Jan. 38 "
Actian era	1 Jan. 30 "
Augustan era	14 Feb. 27 "
Vulgar Christian era	1 Jan. 1 A.D.
Destruction of Jerusalem	1 Sep. 69 "
Era of Maccabees	24 Nov. 166 "
Era of Diocletian	17 Sep. 284 "
Era of Ascension	12 Nov. 295 "
Era of the Armenians	7 July 552 "
Mahommedan era of the Hegira	16 July 622 "
Persian era of Yezdegird	16 June 632 "

For the Revolutionary Calendar see French Revolution ad fin.

The principal works on the calendar are the following:—

Clavius, Romani Calendarii a Gregorio XIII. P.M. restituti Explicatio (Rome, 1603).
L'Art de vérifier les dates.
Lalande, Astronomie tome ii.
Traité de la sphère et du calendrier, par M. Revard (Paris, 1816).
Delambre, Traité de l'astronomie théorique et pratique, tome iii.
Histoire de l'astronomie moderne; Methodus technica brevis, perfacilis, ac perpetua construendi Calendarium Ecclesiasticum, Stylo tam novo quam vetere, pro cunctis Christianis Europae populis, &c., auctore Paulo Tittel (Gottingen, 1816).
Formole analitiche pel calcolo delta Pasgua, e correzione di quello di Gauss, con critiche osservazioni sù quanta ha scritto del calendario il Delambri, di Lodovico Ciccolini (Rome, 1817).
E.H. Lindo, Jewish Calendar for Sixty-four Years (1838).
W.S.B. Woolhouse, Measures, Weights, and Moneys of all Nations (1869).

(T. G.; W. S. B. W.)

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