A transaction that steals money looks exactly the same as a transaction that sends money from one person to another. They are exactly the same thing, just that the person who initiated the transactions are different. The Bitcoin network does not know and cannot distinguish between a theft transaction and a normal transaction since they are exactly identical. Furthermore, the idea of identities don't really exist; there is no way to identify that an address is a thief's just by looking at the blockchain alone (which is all that nodes have access to).

Because the transaction is perfectly valid and no one except for the owner of the wallet and the thief know that the transaction was actually one that stole Bitcoin, the transaction will be propagated through the Bitcoin network by full nodes and included in blocks by miners. There is no central authority that can issue a stop nor is there a way for anyone else to know that a transaction pertains to a theft.

There is no trusted third-party or intermediary in Bitcoin. The transactions do contain the source and destination addresses (although the description is poor considering what actually happens), however, who will issue a stop? Who will authorise a stop once it has been issued? In the case of banks, fiat and, international transfers there are central authorities that perform these tasks but, Bitcoin is trustless and there are no such parties.