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I was under the impression that miners earned coin from the blockchain (creator/owner/pool) or "Created" the coin they are paid?? But I see now that fees are involved to buy/sell/transfer.
For example I had $21 dollars left in in my wallet and wanted to transfer it to GDAX, I was not able to because of insufficient funds to transfer.
Can someone explain how this works. (seems very expensive)
What do you mean, "how this works"? What exactly do you want to know? (Have you browsed the other [tag:transaction-fees] questions on this site?) If your question is simply "is it really this expensive", then the answer is yes, it really is. See also https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/questions/54464/is-a-20-fee-normal-right-now/54465#54465, https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/questions/60615/why-are-median-transaction-fees-so-much-higher-now-in-october-2017-than-a-year.
– Nate Eldredge – 2018-01-11T23:03:47.813