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Since bitcoin core is HD wallet, it should be possible to make "seed" like backup for it and there should be way to restore the wallet from it as well. I know there is dumpprivkey, but it needs to be done after every transaction to be safe. Other wallets have nice seed backup and restore methods, I suppose core should have one as well.
There is xprv method mentioned in comments, but I'm still missing restore method. Also I would like to do it from console only, since my wallet is on remote server without graphics.
I'm interested in "string" backup mainly because I want to store it in trezor hardware password manager, which does not support files
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Core doesn't create seed mnemonics. Best you can do is backup the xprv. See here: https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/a/56428/5273
– Abdussamad – 2017-09-19T16:20:40.853xprv method could be good enough, but the answer does not tell how to restore hd wallet from it, I'm changing the question – Pavel Niedoba – 2017-09-20T10:04:40.410